(Adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 11, 2021)

Preface

　　Since its founding in 1921, the Communist Party of China has always taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and mission. It has always adhered to the ideals of communism and the beliefs of socialism, and united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country in an unremitting struggle for national independence, people's liberation and the realization of national prosperity and people's happiness. It has gone through a glorious century.

　　For a century, the Party has led the people in bloody struggles and unyielding perseverance, creating the great achievements of the New Democratic Revolution; through self-reliance and hard work, creating the great achievements of the socialist revolution and construction; through emancipating the mind and forging ahead, creating the great achievements of reform and opening up and socialist modernization; and through self-confidence, self-reliance, upholding principles and innovating, creating the great achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The Party and the people's century-long struggle has written the most magnificent epic in the thousands of years of Chinese history.

　　Summarizing the major achievements and historical experiences of the Party's century-long struggle is necessary for embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country under the historical conditions of the Party's centenary, and for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It is also necessary to strengthen political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness, and alignment awareness; to firmly uphold confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; to resolutely safeguard Comrade Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the whole Party; to resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership; and to ensure that the whole Party moves forward in unison. Furthermore, it is necessary to advance the Party's self-revolution, improve the Party's fighting capabilities and ability to cope with risks and challenges, maintain the Party's vitality, and unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to continue striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The whole Party must adhere to historical materialism and a correct view of Party history, clearly understand why we were able to succeed in the past and how we can continue to succeed in the future from the Party's century-long struggle, thereby more firmly and consciously fulfilling our original aspiration and mission, and better upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　The "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues" adopted by the Seventh Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1945 and the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1981, realistically summarized the major historical events and important lessons of the Party, unified the thinking and actions of the whole Party at critical historical junctures, and played an important guiding role in advancing the cause of the Party and the people. Their basic arguments and conclusions are still applicable today.

I. To seize the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution

　　During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the Party's main task was to oppose imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, strive for national independence and people's liberation, and create the fundamental social conditions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The Chinese nation is one of the world's oldest and greatest nations, having created a splendid civilization spanning over five thousand years and made indelible contributions to the progress of human civilization. After the Opium War of 1840, due to the invasion of Western powers and the corruption of feudal rule, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The nation suffered humiliation, the people endured hardship, and civilization was tarnished; the Chinese nation suffered unprecedented calamities. To save the nation from peril, the Chinese people rose up in resistance, with patriots tirelessly advocating and waging a heroic and moving struggle. The Taiping Rebellion, the Self-Strengthening Movement, the Hundred Days' Reform, and the Boxer Rebellion erupted one after another, with various plans for national salvation emerging in turn, but all ended in failure. The Xinhai Revolution, led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, overthrew the monarchical system that had ruled China for thousands of years, but it failed to change the semi-colonial and semi-feudal nature of China's society and the tragic fate of the Chinese people. China urgently needed new ideas to guide the national salvation movement and new organizations to unite revolutionary forces.

　　The October Revolution brought Marxism-Leninism to China. The May Fourth Movement further promoted the spread of Marxism in China. Amidst the great awakening of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and through the close integration of Marxism-Leninism with the Chinese workers' movement, the Communist Party of China was born in July 1921. The emergence of the Communist Party of China was a momentous event, transforming the face of the Chinese revolution.

　　The Party deeply understands that the principal contradiction in modern Chinese society was the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, and between feudalism and the masses of the people. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is imperative to wage an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle.

　　At the beginning of its founding and during the Great Revolution, the Party formulated a program for democratic revolution, launched the workers' movement, the youth movement, the peasant movement, and the women's movement, promoted and assisted in the reorganization of the Kuomintang and the establishment of the National Revolutionary Army, led the great struggle against imperialism and feudalism throughout the country, and set off the high tide of the Great Revolution. In 1927, the reactionary clique within the Kuomintang betrayed the revolution and brutally massacred Communists and revolutionary people. Because the right-leaning ideology represented by Chen Duxiu within the Party developed into right-leaning opportunism and gained dominance in the Party's leadership organs, the Party and the people were unable to organize effective resistance, resulting in the disastrous defeat of the Great Revolution under the sudden attack of a powerful enemy.

　　During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party realized from the harsh reality that without revolutionary armed forces, it was impossible to defeat armed counter-revolutionaries, achieve victory in the Chinese revolution, or change the destiny of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It was imperative to oppose armed counter-revolution with armed revolution. The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, marking the beginning of the Chinese Communist Party's independent leadership of the revolutionary war, the creation of the people's army, and the armed seizure of power. The August 7th Conference established the policy of implementing land revolution and armed uprisings. The Party led the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Guangzhou Uprising, and many other uprisings in various regions, but due to the vast disparity in strength between the enemy and ourselves, most of these uprisings failed. Facts proved that, under the objective conditions at the time, the Chinese Communists could not achieve nationwide revolutionary victory by first occupying major cities, as was the case in the Russian October Revolution. The Party urgently needed to find a revolutionary path suitable for China's national conditions.

　　The shift from attacking major cities to advancing into the countryside marked a decisive new starting point for the Chinese revolution. Comrade Mao Zedong led the army and people in establishing the first rural revolutionary base area in Jinggangshan, with the Party leading the people in fighting local tyrants and distributing land. The Gutian Conference established the principles of building the Party ideologically and the army politically. As the struggle progressed, the Party created the Central Revolutionary Base Area and other base areas such as Hunan-Hubei-Western Hubei, Haifeng-Lufeng, Hubei-Henan-Anhui, Hainan, Fujian-Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi, Hunan-Jiangxi, Zuojiang-Youjiang, Sichuan-Shaanxi, Shaanxi-Gansu, and Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou. The Party also developed other revolutionary organizations and launched mass revolutionary struggles in the Kuomintang-controlled areas. However, due to the erroneous leadership of Wang Ming's "Left" dogmatism within the Party, the fifth counter-encirclement campaign in the Central Revolutionary Base Area failed, forcing the Red Army to undertake a strategic transfer, enduring the arduous Long March to northern Shaanxi. The errors of the "Left" line caused immense losses to the revolutionary base areas and the revolutionary forces in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.

　　In January 1935, the Central Political Bureau held the Zunyi Conference during the Long March, effectively establishing Comrade Mao Zedong's leadership position in the Party Central Committee and the Red Army. This conference marked the beginning of the establishment of the correct Marxist line, with Comrade Mao Zedong as its main representative, as the leading force within the Party Central Committee. It also marked the beginning of the formation of the first generation of the Party's central leadership collective with Comrade Mao Zedong at its core, ushering in a new stage in the Party's independent resolution of the practical problems of the Chinese revolution. At the most critical juncture, it saved the Party, the Red Army, and the Chinese revolution, and subsequently enabled the Party to overcome Zhang Guotao's separatism, successfully complete the Long March, and open a new chapter in the Chinese revolution. This was a pivotal turning point in the Party's history.

　　During the War of Resistance Against Japan, after the September 18 Incident, the national contradiction between China and Japan gradually surpassed domestic class contradictions and rose to become the primary contradiction. At a critical juncture when Japanese imperialism intensified its aggression against my country and the national crisis reached unprecedented levels, the Party took the lead in raising the banner of armed resistance against Japan, widely launching the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, and facilitating the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident. This played a significant historical role in promoting the renewed cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and uniting against Japan. After the July 7 Incident, the Party implemented the correct policy of the anti-Japanese national united front, adhered to the line of total resistance, proposed and implemented the general strategic policy of protracted war and a complete set of strategies and tactics for people's war, opened up vast battlefields behind enemy lines and anti-Japanese base areas, and led the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, and other people's anti-Japanese armed forces in heroic battles, becoming the mainstay of the national resistance until the final victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan. This was the first complete victory in the modern Chinese people's struggle against foreign invasion and an important part of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War.

　　During the Liberation War, facing the full-scale civil war launched by the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Party led the vast army and people to gradually shift from active defense to strategic offense, winning the Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin Campaigns and the Crossing the Yangtze River Campaign. They then marched victoriously into Central South, Northwest, and Southwest China, annihilating eight million Kuomintang reactionaries' troops, overthrowing the Kuomintang reactionary government, and overthrowing the three great mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism. With the support of the people, the Party-led people's army waged a desperate struggle against the vicious enemy with indomitable heroism, establishing historical merit for the victory of the New Democratic Revolution.

　　In the revolutionary struggle, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their main representative, combined the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the specific realities of China. They theoretically summarized a series of original experiences accumulated through arduous exploration and enormous sacrifices, opened up the correct revolutionary path of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing power by armed force, and created Mao Zedong Thought, pointing out the correct direction for winning the victory of the New Democratic Revolution.

　　In the revolutionary struggle, the Party promoted the great spirit of Party building—upholding truth and ideals, fulfilling its original aspiration and mission, fearing no sacrifice and fighting bravely, and being loyal to the Party and the people—implementing and advancing the great project of Party building. It put forward the principle of focusing on building the Party ideologically, adhered to democratic centralism, and upheld the three fine traditions of integrating theory with practice, maintaining close ties with the masses, and practicing criticism and self-criticism. It formed the three magic weapons of the united front, armed struggle, and Party building, striving to build a nationwide, mass-based, ideologically, politically, and organizationally consolidated Marxist party. Starting in 1942, the Party launched a rectification campaign throughout the Party, a Marxist ideological education movement that achieved tremendous results. The Party formulated the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues," bringing the entire Party to a consensus on the fundamental issues of the Chinese revolution. The Seventh National Congress of the Party formulated the correct line, principles, and policies for establishing a new democratic China, achieving unprecedented unity and solidarity within the Party ideologically, politically, and organizationally.

　　After 28 years of bloody struggle, under the leadership of the Party and with the active cooperation of various democratic parties and non-party democrats, the People's Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949. This achieved national independence and people's liberation, completely ending the history of China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the history of a tiny minority of exploiters ruling the vast majority of working people, the fragmented state of old China, and the complete abolition of unequal treaties imposed on China by the great powers and all imperialist privileges in China. It realized a great leap from thousands of years of feudal autocracy to people's democracy, greatly changed the world political landscape, and inspired the struggle for liberation of oppressed nations and peoples around the world.

　　Practice has fully demonstrated that history and the people chose the Communist Party of China. Without the leadership of the Communist Party of China, national independence and people's liberation would not have been possible. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people solemnly declared to the world through their heroic and tenacious struggle that the Chinese people have stood up, that the era in which the Chinese nation was subject to being slaughtered and bullied is gone forever, and that China's development has entered a new era.

II. Completing the Socialist Revolution and Advancing Socialist Construction

　　During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the main task facing the Party was to realize the transition from new democracy to socialism, carry out socialist revolution, advance socialist construction, and lay the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party led the people to overcome a series of severe challenges in politics, economy, and military affairs. It eliminated the remnants of the Kuomintang reactionary forces and bandits, peacefully liberated Tibet, and achieved the complete reunification of the mainland. It stabilized prices, unified financial and economic work, completed land reform, carried out democratic reforms in all aspects of society, implemented gender equality, suppressed counter-revolutionaries, and launched the "Three-Anti" and "Five-Anti" movements, cleansing the filth and mire left by the old society, resulting in a completely new social landscape. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army, with high morale and great spirit, crossed the Yalu River and fought alongside the Korean people and army, defeating a heavily armed enemy, demonstrating national power and military might, showcasing the spirit of the Chinese people, winning the great victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, safeguarding the security of the new China, and demonstrating its status as a major power. The new China stood firm in a complex domestic and international environment.

　　The Party led the establishment and consolidation of the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the worker-peasant alliance, creating conditions for the rapid development of the country. In 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) formulated the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference." In 1953, the Party formally proposed the general line for the transition period, namely, to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country over a considerable period of time, and to gradually realize the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts, and capitalist industry and commerce. In 1954, the First Session of the First National People's Congress was held, and the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" was adopted. In 1956, my country basically completed the socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production, basically realized public ownership of the means of production and distribution according to work, and established a socialist economic system. The Party led the establishment of the system of people's congresses, the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the system of regional ethnic autonomy, providing institutional guarantees for the people to be masters of their own country. The Party led the realization and consolidation of the great unity of all nationalities in the country, formed and developed socialist ethnic relations of equality and mutual assistance among all nationalities, realized and consolidated the great unity of workers, peasants, intellectuals, and other strata of the people, and strengthened and expanded the broad united front. The establishment of the socialist system laid an important foundation for all progress and development in our country.

　　Based on the situation following the basic completion of socialist transformation in my country, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed that the principal contradiction in the country was no longer the contradiction between the working class and the bourgeoisie, but rather the contradiction between the people's need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current inability of the economy and culture to meet those needs. The main task of the people nationwide was to concentrate their efforts on developing social productive forces, realizing national industrialization, and gradually meeting the people's growing material and cultural needs. The CPC proposed to strive to gradually build my country into a socialist power with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, and modern science and technology, leading the people in comprehensive and large-scale socialist construction. After implementing several Five-Year Plans, my country established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system. Agricultural production conditions changed significantly, and education, science, culture, health, and sports saw great development. Breakthroughs were continuously achieved in cutting-edge defense technologies such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite," and the defense industry gradually developed from scratch. The People's Liberation Army was strengthened and improved, evolving from a single army into a combined arms force including the navy, air force, and other technical branches, providing a strong backing for consolidating the newly established people's regime, establishing China's status as a major power, and safeguarding the dignity of the Chinese nation.

　　The Party adheres to an independent foreign policy of peace, advocates and upholds the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, firmly safeguards national independence, sovereignty, and dignity, supports and assists the liberation cause of oppressed nations worldwide, the construction of newly independent states, and the just struggles of peoples around the world, and opposes imperialism, hegemonism, colonialism, and racism, thus completely ending the humiliating diplomacy of old China. The Party, assessing the situation, adjusted its diplomatic strategy, promoted the restoration of all of my country's legitimate rights in the United Nations, opened a new chapter in foreign affairs, and fostered an international community that upholds the one-China principle. The Party proposed a strategy of dividing the world into three parts and made a solemn commitment that China will never seek hegemony, winning the respect and praise of the international community, especially the vast number of developing countries.

　　The Party fully foresaw the new challenges facing its governance nationwide. As early as the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, held on the eve of the nationwide victory in the War of Liberation, it called upon the entire Party to continue maintaining a modest, prudent, humble, and unassuming style, and to continue the style of hard work and plain living. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party focused on the major issue of Party building under the conditions of governance, strengthening Party building and consolidating Party leadership ideologically, organizationally, and in terms of style. The Party strengthened the theoretical study and knowledge training of cadres, improved the Party's leadership level, and required the entire Party, especially senior cadres, to enhance their consciousness of safeguarding the Party's unity and cohesion. The Party carried out rectification campaigns, strengthened intra-Party education, rectified grassroots Party organizations, raised the qualifications of Party members, and opposed bureaucracy, commandism, and corruption and waste. The Party was highly vigilant and focused on preventing the corruption and degeneration of Party members and cadres, and resolutely punished corruption. These important measures enhanced the purity of the Party and the unity of the entire Party, strengthened the Party's ties with the people, and accumulated initial experience in building a ruling party.

　　During this period, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed a "second integration" of the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with China's specific realities. The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their main representative, enriched and developed Mao Zedong Thought in light of the new realities, putting forward a series of important ideas on socialist construction. These included recognizing that socialist society is a long historical stage, strictly distinguishing and correctly handling contradictions between ourselves and the enemy and contradictions among the people, correctly handling the ten major relationships in my country's socialist construction, forging an industrialization path suited to my country's national conditions, respecting the law of value, implementing the policy of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision" in the relationship between the Party and democratic parties, and implementing the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend" in scientific and cultural work. These original theoretical achievements still hold significant guiding value today.

　　Mao Zedong Thought is the creative application and development of Marxism-Leninism in China. It is a correct theoretical principle and summary of experience regarding the Chinese revolution and construction, proven by practice, and represents the first historical leap in the Sinicization of Marxism. The living soul of Mao Zedong Thought lies in the stance, viewpoints, and methods that run through all its components, embodied in the three basic aspects of seeking truth from facts, the mass line, and independence and self-reliance, providing scientific guidance for the development of the cause of the Party and the people.

　　Unfortunately, the correct line established at the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was not fully upheld, leading to errors such as the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement, and the Anti-Rightist Struggle was severely overextended. Faced with the severe and complex external environment at the time, the Party was extremely concerned about consolidating the socialist regime and made multifaceted efforts in this regard. However, Comrade Mao Zedong's errors in the theory and practice of class struggle in socialist society developed increasingly seriously, and the Party Central Committee failed to correct these errors in a timely manner. Comrade Mao Zedong made a completely erroneous assessment of the class situation in my country at the time, as well as the political situation of the Party and the state, launching and leading the Cultural Revolution. The Lin Biao and Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary cliques exploited Comrade Mao Zedong's errors to carry out numerous heinous activities that harmed the country and the people, resulting in ten years of turmoil and causing the Party, the state, and the people to suffer the most severe setbacks and losses since the founding of New China—a lesson that was extremely painful. In October 1976, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, acting on the will of the Party and the people, resolutely crushed the Gang of Four, ending the disaster of the Cultural Revolution.

　　From the founding of the People's Republic of China to the eve of reform and opening up, the Party led the people to complete the socialist revolution, eliminate all systems of exploitation, and achieve the most extensive and profound social transformation in the history of the Chinese nation. This enabled a poor and populous Eastern power to leap forward into socialist society. Although the exploration process was fraught with serious setbacks, the original theoretical achievements and tremendous accomplishments of the Party in socialist revolution and construction provided valuable experience, theoretical preparation, and material foundation for creating socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period.

　　The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people solemnly declared to the world through their heroic and tenacious struggle that the Chinese people are not only good at destroying an old world, but also good at building a new world; only socialism can save China, and only socialism can develop China.

III. Carrying out reform and opening up and socialist modernization

　　In the new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party's main task is to continue exploring the correct path for building socialism in China, liberate and develop social productive forces, enable the people to escape poverty and become prosperous as soon as possible, and provide a vibrant institutional guarantee and rapid material conditions for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　After the end of the Cultural Revolution, at a critical historical juncture when the Party and the country faced a crucial decision regarding their future, the Party profoundly realized that reform and opening up was the only way out; otherwise, our modernization and socialist cause would be doomed. In December 1978, the Party convened the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, decisively ending the policy of "taking class struggle as the key link," realizing the strategic shift of the Party and the country's work focus, and ushering in a new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. This marked a great turning point of profound significance in the history of the Party since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Party made the momentous decision to completely negate the Cultural Revolution. For more than forty years, the Party has unswervingly adhered to the line, principles, and policies established at this plenary session.

　　After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their main representative, united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to profoundly summarize the positive and negative experiences since the founding of New China. Focusing on the fundamental question of what socialism is and how to build socialism, and drawing on the historical experience of world socialism, they created Deng Xiaoping Theory. They emancipated their minds, sought truth from facts, and made the historic decision to shift the focus of the Party and the country's work to economic construction and to implement reform and opening up. They profoundly revealed the essence of socialism, established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, clearly proposed taking our own path and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, scientifically answered a series of fundamental questions about building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and formulated a three-step development strategy to basically realize socialist modernization by the middle of the 21st century, successfully pioneering socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Jiang Zemin as their main representative, have united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, adhering to the Party's basic theories and basic line. They have deepened their understanding of what socialism is, how to build socialism, what kind of party to build, and how to build the party, forming the important thought of the "Three Represents." Faced with the severe test of a highly complex domestic and international situation and serious setbacks in world socialism, they have defended socialism with Chinese characteristics, established the reform goals and basic framework of the socialist market economy system, established the basic economic system of the primary stage of socialism with public ownership as the mainstay and the common development of diverse forms of ownership, and the distribution system with distribution according to work as the mainstay and the coexistence of multiple distribution methods. They have created a new situation of comprehensive reform and opening up, promoted the new great project of Party building, and successfully propelled socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century.

　　Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Hu Jintao as their main representative, have united and led the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country in promoting practical, theoretical, and institutional innovations in the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. They have profoundly understood and answered major questions such as what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve it under the new circumstances, forming the Scientific Outlook on Development. They have seized the important strategic opportunity period, focused on construction, and wholeheartedly pursued development, emphasizing adherence to people-centeredness and comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development, striving to guarantee and improve people's livelihoods, promote social fairness and justice, and advance the Party's capacity for governance and its advanced nature. They have successfully upheld and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new circumstances.

　　To advance reform and opening up, the Party re-established the Marxist ideological, political, and organizational lines, thoroughly repudiated the erroneous policy of "two whatevers," and correctly evaluated Comrade Mao Zedong's historical status and the scientific system of Mao Zedong Thought. The Party clarified that the principal contradiction in Chinese society was between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production; resolving this principal contradiction was our central task, and the goal of a moderately prosperous society was proposed. The Party restored and formulated a series of correct policies in all aspects of its work and adjusted the national economy. The Party led a comprehensive effort to rectify past errors in the ideological, political, and organizational fields, extensively redressing unjust, false, and wrong cases and adjusting social relations. The Party formulated the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China," marking the successful completion of the rectification of the Party's guiding ideology.

　　The Party profoundly recognized that to create a new situation in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, theoretical innovation was essential to guide the development of the cause. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that if a party, a country, or a nation proceeds solely from dogma, becomes ideologically rigid, and is rife with superstition, it cannot move forward; its vitality will cease, and it will perish. The Party led and supported the great debate on the criterion of truth, upholding and developing Marxism based on new practices and the characteristics of the times. It scientifically answered a series of fundamental questions regarding the development path, development stage, fundamental tasks, driving forces, development strategy, political guarantee, national reunification, diplomacy and international strategy, leadership, and reliance on forces in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This formed the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, achieving a new leap forward in the Sinicization of Marxism.

　　The 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th National Congresses of the Communist Party of China, based on the evolving international and domestic situation and the new requirements for my country's development, consistently made comprehensive plans for advancing reform and opening up and socialist modernization. Multiple plenary sessions of the Central Committee were convened to specifically study and deploy major tasks related to reform, development, and stability. my country's reforms began with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, gradually shifting to urban economic system reform and its comprehensive implementation. The reform direction of a socialist market economy was established, giving greater play to the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation, and upholding and improving the basic economic and distribution systems. The Party resolutely promoted economic system reform while simultaneously carrying out reforms in the political, cultural, and social spheres, advancing the reform of the Party's construction system, and continuously forming and developing systems and mechanisms that are in line with contemporary China's national conditions and full of vitality. The Party established opening up to the outside world as a basic national policy, from establishing special economic zones such as Shenzhen, developing and opening up Pudong, promoting the opening up of coastal, border, riverine, and inland central cities, to joining the World Trade Organization, from "bringing in" to "going out," fully utilizing both domestic and international markets and resources. Through continuous reform and opening up, my country has achieved a historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy to a dynamic socialist market economy, and from a closed or semi-closed system to all-round opening up.

　　To accelerate socialist modernization, the Party has led the people in economic, political, cultural, and social development, achieving a series of significant accomplishments. The Party has adhered to economic development as the central task, upholding the principle that development is of paramount importance. It has proposed that science and technology are the primary productive forces, implemented major strategies such as invigorating the nation through science and education, sustainable development, and strengthening the nation through talent, promoted the development of the western region, revitalized old industrial bases in Northeast China, facilitated the rise of the central region, supported the leading development of the eastern region, promoted coordinated urban-rural and regional development, advanced the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, encouraged and supported the development of the non-public sector, accelerated the transformation of the economic development model, strengthened ecological and environmental protection, and promoted sustained and rapid economic development, resulting in a substantial increase in comprehensive national strength. The Party has upheld the organic unity of Party leadership, the people's status as masters of the country, and the rule of law, developed socialist democracy, built socialist political civilization, actively and steadily promoted political system reform, adhered to the combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue, formulated a new constitution, built a socialist rule-of-law state, formed a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, respected and protected human rights, and consolidated and developed the broadest patriotic united front. The Party has strengthened education on ideals and beliefs, promoted the construction of the socialist core value system, built socialist spiritual civilization, developed advanced socialist culture, and promoted the great development and prosperity of socialist culture. The Party has accelerated social development with a focus on improving people's livelihoods, improved people's lives, abolished agricultural taxes, and continuously promoted access to education, employment, healthcare, elderly care, and housing, thereby fostering social harmony and stability. The Party has put forward the overall goal of building a powerful, modern, and regularized revolutionary army, placing the focus of military preparedness on winning local wars under informationized conditions, advancing military transformation with Chinese characteristics, and pursuing a path of building a lean and efficient military with Chinese characteristics.

　　Faced with a rapidly changing international situation, the Party unwaveringly adhered to the Four Cardinal Principles, resolutely eliminated various interferences, and calmly dealt with a series of risks and challenges affecting the overall situation of my country's reform, development, and stability. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Soviet Union collapsed and Eastern Europe underwent dramatic changes. Due to the support and instigation of hostile anti-communist and anti-socialist forces internationally, the international climate and domestic circumstances led to a serious political upheaval in my country in the spring and summer of 1989. The Party and the government relied on the people, resolutely opposed the turmoil, defended the socialist state power, and safeguarded the fundamental interests of the people. The Party led the people in successfully responding to economic risks such as the Asian financial crisis and the international financial crisis, successfully hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, overcoming severe floods in the Yangtze, Nenjiang, and Songhua River basins, the Wenchuan earthquake, and the SARS epidemic, demonstrating the Party's ability to withstand risks and manage complex situations.

　　The Party regards the reunification of the motherland as a historical mission and has made unremitting efforts in this regard. Comrade Deng Xiaoping creatively proposed the scientific concept of "one country, two systems," opening up a new path for achieving national reunification peacefully. After arduous work and struggle, the Chinese government successively resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao, washing away a century of humiliation for the Chinese nation. After Hong Kong and Macao returned to the motherland, the central government strictly acted in accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law of the Special Administrative Regions, maintaining the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. The Party grasped the overall situation of resolving the Taiwan issue, established the basic policy of "peaceful reunification and one country, two systems," promoted the "1992 Consensus" between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait that embodies the one-China principle, advanced cross-strait consultations and negotiations, achieved comprehensive, direct, and two-way "three links," and initiated cross-strait party exchanges. The Anti-Secession Law was formulated to resolutely curb "Taiwan independence" forces, promote national reunification, and effectively thwart various attempts to create "two Chinas," "one China, one Taiwan," or "Taiwan independence."

　　The Party, through scientific assessment of the characteristics of the times and the international situation, proposed that peace and development are the themes of our era. Adhering to the foreign policy objective of safeguarding world peace and promoting common development, the Party adjusted its relations with major powers, developed good-neighborly and friendly relations with surrounding countries, deepened friendly cooperation with developing countries, actively participated in international and regional affairs, and established a new pattern of all-round and multi-layered foreign relations. The Party actively promotes multipolarity and democratization of international relations, pushes economic globalization in a direction conducive to common prosperity, unequivocally opposes hegemonism and power politics, firmly safeguards the interests of developing countries, promotes the establishment of a just and equitable new international political and economic order, and fosters lasting world peace and common prosperity.

　　The Party has always emphasized that governing the country requires first governing the Party, and governing the Party requires strict discipline. It has focused its efforts on strengthening Party building, creating and advancing the great new project of Party building. The Party has formulated several guidelines on intra-Party political life, improved democratic centralism, promoted intra-Party democracy, and normalized intra-Party political life. It has carried out Party rectification in a planned and step-by-step manner, focusing on resolving problems of impure ideology, impure work style, and impure organization within the Party. It has strengthened the cadre team in accordance with the principles of revolutionization, rejuvenation, intellectualization, and professionalization, vigorously selecting young and middle-aged cadres, and promoting the generational succession of cadres. Around the two historical tasks of improving the Party's leadership and governance capabilities and enhancing its ability to resist corruption and mitigate risks, the Party has made decisions on major issues such as strengthening the Party's ties with the people, strengthening and improving the Party's work style, and strengthening the Party's governance capabilities, focusing on building governance capacity and advanced nature. It has also organized concentrated learning and education activities such as the "Education on Studying, Politics, and Integrity," the study and education of the important thought of the "Three Represents," the education on maintaining the advanced nature of Communist Party members, and the study and practice of the Scientific Outlook on Development. The Party has elevated the building of Party conduct and integrity and the fight against corruption to a matter of life and death for the Party and the country, and has promoted the construction of a system for punishing and preventing corruption.

　　On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, the CPC Central Committee held a grand celebration, where Comrade Xi Jinping delivered an important speech, comprehensively summarizing the great achievements and valuable experiences gained over the past forty years of reform and opening up. He emphasized that reform and opening up was a great awakening for the Party and a great revolution in the history of the development of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and issued a great call to carry reform and opening up through to the end. The great achievements of reform and opening up and socialist modernization are remarkable. my country has achieved a historic breakthrough from a state of relatively backward productivity to becoming the world's second largest economy, and has achieved a historic leap in people's lives from insufficient food and clothing to a generally well-off society and towards a comprehensively well-off society, thus promoting the great leap of the Chinese nation from standing up to becoming prosperous.

　　The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people solemnly declared to the world through their heroic and tenacious struggle that reform and opening up is the key move that determines the future and destiny of contemporary China, and that the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the correct path that guides China's development and prosperity. China has made great strides in catching up with the times.

IV. Ushering in a New Era of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The main tasks facing the Party are to achieve the first centenary goal, embark on a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal, and continue to move forward toward the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, taking into account the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world, emphasizes that the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an era of building on past achievements and forging ahead into the future, an era of continuing to achieve great victories for socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions, an era of securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and then building a great modern socialist country in all respects, an era of unity and struggle among all ethnic groups in the country to continuously create a better life and gradually realize common prosperity for all the people, an era of all Chinese sons and daughters working together to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and an era in which my country continues to make greater contributions to humanity. The new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics marks a new historical juncture in my country's development.

　　The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their main representative, have adhered to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities and with China's excellent traditional culture. They have upheld Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. They have profoundly summarized and fully utilized the historical experience since the Party's founding, and, starting from new realities, created Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This thought clarifies that the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and that the Communist Party of China is the highest political leadership force. The entire Party must strengthen its "Four Consciousnesses," firm up its "Four Confidences," and achieve "Two Upholds." It clarifies that the general task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the goal is to build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful socialist modern country by the middle of this century in two steps, advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization. It clarifies that the principal contradiction in Chinese society in the new era is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. It is imperative to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, develop people's democracy throughout the entire process, and promote more significant and substantial progress in the all-round development of people and common prosperity for all. It clarifies that the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics is economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and economic construction. The five-pronged approach to ecological civilization construction includes four key strategic layouts: comprehensively building a modern socialist country, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively advancing the rule of law, and comprehensively strengthening Party discipline. It clarifies that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and to modernize the national governance system and capacity. It also clarifies that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing the rule of law is to build a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and a socialist rule of law state. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, allowing the market to play a decisive role in resource allocation while better leveraging the government's role. It stresses grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing, and accelerating the construction of a domestic-international dual circulation development pattern. The new development pattern of mutually reinforcing cycles promotes high-quality development and coordinates development and security; it clarifies that the Party's goal in building a strong military in the new era is to build a people's army that obeys the Party's command, is capable of winning battles, and maintains excellent conduct, and to build the people's army into a world-class military; it clarifies that China's distinctive major-country diplomacy should serve national rejuvenation, promote human progress, advance the building of a new type of international relations, and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind; it clarifies the strategic policy of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, puts forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era, comprehensively advances the Party's political, ideological, organizational, conduct, and disciplinary construction, integrates institutional construction throughout, deepens the anti-corruption struggle, implements the political responsibility of governing the Party, and leads the great social revolution with a great self-revolution. These strategic thoughts and innovative concepts are significant achievements of the Party's deepening understanding and theoretical innovation of the laws governing the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Comrade Xi Jinping has conducted profound reflection and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning the development of the Party and the country in the new era. He has put forward a series of original new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies for governing the country on major contemporary issues such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the new era, how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, what kind of socialist modern power to build, how to build a socialist modern power, what kind of long-term ruling Marxist party to build, and how to build a long-term ruling Marxist party. He is the main creator of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is contemporary Chinese Marxism, 21st-century Marxism, and the contemporary essence of Chinese culture and the Chinese spirit, achieving a new leap forward in the Sinicization of Marxism. The Party's establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping's core position in the Party Central Committee and the whole Party, and the establishment of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its guiding principle, reflects the common aspirations of the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, and is of decisive significance for the development of the Party and the country in the new era and for advancing the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party and the country have achieved significant accomplishments, laying a solid foundation and creating favorable conditions for developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. At the same time, the Party is keenly aware that changes in the external environment have brought many new risks and challenges, and that domestic reform, development, and stability face numerous long-standing deep-seated contradictions and problems, as well as some newly emerging ones. The lax and weak governance of the Party has led to the spread of negative and corrupt phenomena within the Party, serious problems in the political ecology, damage to the relationship between the Party and the people, and a weakening of the Party's creativity, cohesion, and fighting capacity. The Party's governance of the country faces a major test.

　　The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, has coordinated the domestic and international situations, implemented the Party's basic theories, basic lines, and basic strategies, and taken overall command of the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream. Adhering to the general principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, it has introduced a series of major policies, launched a series of major initiatives, advanced a series of major tasks, and overcome a series of major risks and challenges. It has solved many long-standing problems and accomplished many major tasks that were previously thought impossible, propelling the cause of the Party and the country to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic changes.

　　(I) On upholding the Party's overall leadership

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has made continuous efforts to strengthen and improve its leadership, providing a fundamental political guarantee for the development of the Party and the country. At the same time, there are also many problems within the Party regarding a vague understanding and weak action on upholding the Party's leadership, and many instances of weakened, superficial, diluted, or marginalized implementation of the Party's leadership, particularly the ineffective execution of major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. Some have adopted a policy-at-the-top approach, with countermeasures at the lower levels, or even hypocrisy and arbitrary actions. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has clearly stated that the Party's leadership is the foundation and lifeline of the Party and the country, and is the source of the interests and destiny of all ethnic groups in the country. The entire Party must consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in thought, politics, and action, improve its level of scientific, democratic, and law-based governance, enhance its ability to set the direction, plan the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform, and ensure that the Party fully plays its leading role in overseeing the overall situation and coordinating all parties.

　　The Party has clearly stated that its leadership is comprehensive, systematic, and holistic; ensuring the Party's unity and cohesion is its lifeblood. The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the highest principle of Party leadership; strengthening and upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the common political responsibility of the entire Party. Adhering to the Party's leadership requires first and foremost a clear political stance and ensuring the entire Party's obedience to the Central Committee. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee adopted several guidelines on intra-Party political life under the new circumstances, and the CPC Central Committee issued several regulations of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on strengthening and upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. These regulations strictly enforce the Party's political discipline and rules, prevent and oppose individualism, decentralism, liberalism, departmentalism, and favoritism, develop a positive and healthy intra-Party political culture, and promote a clean and upright political environment. The CPC Central Committee requires leading Party cadres to improve their political judgment, political understanding, and political execution, to have a broad vision of national importance, and to be loyal to the Party, obey the Party's command, and fulfill their responsibilities to the Party. The Party has improved its leadership system, perfecting the systems for the Party's leadership over the National People's Congress, the government, the CPPCC, supervisory organs, judicial organs, procuratorial organs, armed forces, people's organizations, enterprises and institutions, grassroots mass self-governing organizations, and social organizations, ensuring the Party plays a leading role in all organizations. The Party adheres to democratic centralism, establishes and improves the leadership system of the Party over major tasks, strengthens the functions and roles of the decision-making and coordination bodies of the Party Central Committee, improves the mechanism for promoting the implementation of major decisions of the Party Central Committee, strictly implements the system of requesting instructions and reporting to the Party Central Committee, strengthens political supervision, deepens political inspections, investigates and punishes problems that violate the Party's line, principles and policies and undermine the Party's centralized and unified leadership, eliminates "double-dealers," and ensures that the whole Party maintains a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee in terms of political stance, political direction, political principles, and political path.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the authority of the CPC Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership have been effectively guaranteed, the system of Party leadership has been continuously improved, the Party's leadership methods have become more scientific, the whole Party has become more unified in thought, more united in politics, and more consistent in action, and the Party's political leadership, ideological guidance, mass mobilization, and social appeal have been significantly enhanced.

　　(II) On comprehensively strengthening Party discipline

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has adhered to the principle of the Party managing itself and governing itself strictly, achieving remarkable results in Party building. However, due to a period of ineffective Party management and lax governance, some Party members and cadres experienced a serious crisis of political faith. In some localities and departments, the selection and appointment of personnel was rife with formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance, and privileged thinking and practices were widespread. In particular, some engaged in nepotism and excluded dissidents; some formed cliques and factions; some made anonymous accusations and spread rumors; some tried to win people's hearts and minds and garner votes; some made promises of official positions and celebrated their promotions; some acted arbitrarily and outwardly complied with orders but inwardly defied them; and some became too powerful to control and dared to criticize the central government. Political and economic problems were intertwined, and the level of corruption was shocking. These "seven problems" seriously damaged the Party's image and prestige, severely harmed the relationship between the Party and the masses, and aroused strong dissatisfaction and indignation among Party members, cadres, and the masses. Comrade Xi Jinping emphasized that to forge iron, one must be strong oneself; the key to managing China's affairs well lies in the Party, and the key to the Party's success lies in its self-governance and strict discipline. We must take strengthening the Party's long-term governance capacity, its advanced nature, and its purity as the main line, with political construction as the guiding principle, firm ideals, beliefs, and purposes as the foundation, and mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire Party as the focus, continuously improving the quality of Party building, and building the Party into a vibrant Marxist ruling party that always stands at the forefront of the times, enjoys the heartfelt support of the people, dares to engage in self-revolution, and can withstand all kinds of storms. With a clear-headed and firm commitment, the Party adheres to the strict main theme, focuses on grasping the "key few," implements the main responsibility and supervisory responsibility, strengthens supervision, discipline enforcement, and accountability, and integrates strict Party governance into all aspects of Party building. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has convened meetings on Party building in various fields, making powerful deployments and promoting comprehensive progress in Party building.

　　The Party Central Committee emphasized that our Party comes from the people, is rooted in the people, and serves the people. Once it becomes detached from the masses, it will lose its vitality. Therefore, comprehensively strengthening Party discipline must begin with addressing the issues of work style that the people strongly object to. The Party Central Committee started by formulating and implementing the Eight-Point Regulation, adhering to the principle of starting with the Political Bureau and leading cadres to improve work style from the top down. The Political Bureau holds annual democratic life meetings to hear reports on the implementation of the Eight-Point Regulation and to conduct criticism and self-criticism. The Party Central Committee, with a tenacious spirit, persistently rectified the "four forms of undesirable work style," opposed privileged thinking and phenomena, and resolutely curbed malpractices such as using public funds for gifts, banquets, travel, and extravagance. It addressed prominent issues that the masses strongly objected to and that harmed their interests, promoted the reduction of burdens on grassroots levels, advocated thrift and opposed extravagance and waste, curbed some previously considered uncontrollable malpractices, and rectified some long-standing problems, resulting in a renewed atmosphere in Party conduct, government conduct, and social conduct.

　　The Party has always emphasized that the entire Party must maintain firm ideals and beliefs, a tight organizational system, and strict discipline and rules. Marxist faith, the lofty ideal of communism, and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics are the spiritual pillars and political soul of the Chinese Communists, and also the ideological foundation for maintaining the Party's unity and cohesion. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that ideals and beliefs are the "calcium" of the Communist Party members' spirit. Without ideals and beliefs, Communist Party members will suffer from a "calcium deficiency" in their spirit, developing "rickets," inevitably leading to political degeneration, economic greed, moral decay, and corruption in their lives. The Party has consistently upheld the principle of strengthening the Party through ideological education and governing the Party through institutional means. It has successively launched a series of campaigns, including the Party's mass line education and practice activities, the special education on "Strict Self-Discipline, Strict Use of Power, and Strict Self-Discipline; Being Practical in Planning, Starting a Business, and Being a Person," the learning and education campaign on "Studying the Party Constitution and Regulations, Studying the Series of Speeches, and Becoming a Qualified Party Member," the theme education campaign on "Staying True to Our Original Aspiration and Keeping Our Mission Firmly in Mind," and the Party history learning and education campaign. These efforts have armed the entire Party with the Party's innovative theories, promoted the construction of a learning-oriented political party, and educated and guided the vast majority of Party members, cadres, and especially leading cadres to rectify their thinking, strengthen their foundation, solidify their faith, replenish their spiritual calcium, and firmly steer their ideological course, thus maintaining the political character of Communists and upholding the spiritual backbone of Communists. The Party has put forward and implemented the Party's organizational line for the new era, clarifying the standards for good cadres in the new era: firm in beliefs, serving the people, diligent and pragmatic, courageous in taking responsibility, and honest and upright. It emphasizes political quality requirements, establishes a correct orientation for personnel selection, adheres to the principle of selecting cadres based on both moral character and ability, prioritizing moral character, selecting cadres from all corners of the country based on merit, prioritizing the cause, being fair and upright, and avoiding simplistic criteria such as votes, scores, GDP, and age. It also avoids "mass recommendation" and "mass selection," strengthens the leadership and gatekeeping role of Party organizations, and corrects malpractices in personnel selection. The Party requires leaders at all levels to address the fundamental issues of their worldview, outlook on life, and values, cherish power, manage power well, use power prudently, consciously accept supervision from all sides, and always think about sharing the Party's burdens, contributing to the country, and benefiting the people. The Party adheres to the principle of the Party managing talent, implements more proactive, open, and effective talent policies, deeply implements the new era's strategy of building a strong nation through talent, accelerates the construction of a world-class talent center and innovation hub, and gathers and utilizes talent from all over the world. The Party has continuously improved its organizational system, focusing on enhancing organizational capacity, strengthening the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, establishing a clear orientation towards strengthening grassroots work, and promoting full coverage of Party organizations and work. The Party adheres to the principle that Party discipline is stricter than the law, and that discipline enforcement and law enforcement are integrated, making good use of the "four forms of supervision and discipline enforcement," strengthening political and organizational discipline, and driving the comprehensive and strict enforcement of all disciplines. The Party adheres to governing the Party according to regulations, strictly abiding by the Party Constitution, forming a relatively complete system of Party regulations, strictly implementing the system, and significantly improving the scientific, institutionalized, and standardized level of Party building.

　　The Party Central Committee emphasized that corruption is the greatest threat to the Party's long-term governance, and the fight against corruption is a major political struggle that we cannot afford to lose. Failing to offend hundreds or thousands of corrupt officials would mean offending 1.4 billion people. Power must be confined within the cage of the system, and power must be established, regulated, constrained, and supervised according to Party discipline and the law. The Party insists on advancing the fight against corruption in an integrated manner, ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to be corrupt, and exerting concerted efforts in punishment and deterrence, institutional constraints, and raising public awareness to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the Party and the people is always used to seek happiness for the people. We adhere to the principles of no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance; we insist on strong deterrence, high pressure, and long-term deterrence; we insist on investigating both bribery and bribe-taking; we insist on investigating every case and punishing every instance of corruption. With the determination to cure deep-seated problems and the courage to undergo painful self-examination, we resolutely "fight tigers," "swat flies," and "hunt foxes." We resolutely address corruption problems affecting the people, conduct in-depth international pursuit of fugitives and recovery of stolen assets, and eliminate all corrupt officials. The Party focuses on corruption cases involving intertwined political and economic issues to prevent the formation of interest groups within the Party, and investigates and punishes serious violations of discipline and law by figures such as Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Sun Zhengcai, and Ling Jihua. The Party leads the improvement of the Party and state oversight system, promotes the establishment of the National Supervisory Commission and local supervisory commissions at all levels, constructs a coordinated system of inspections and audits at all levels, and establishes a mechanism with intra-Party supervision as the leading force and various forms of supervision interconnected and coordinated, strengthening the checks and balances on the exercise of power.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through resolute struggle, the political guidance and guarantee role of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party has been fully brought into play. The Party's ability to purify, improve, innovate, and enhance itself has been significantly strengthened. The lax and weak state of Party governance has been fundamentally reversed. The anti-corruption struggle has achieved an overwhelming victory and has been fully consolidated. Serious hidden dangers within the Party, the state, and the military have been eliminated. The Party has become stronger through revolutionary forging.

　　(III) In terms of economic development

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has focused on economic development as its central task, leading the people to work diligently and creating a miracle of rapid economic development, resulting in a significant leap in national economic strength. However, due to problems such as the one-sided pursuit of speed and scale and the extensive development model in some localities and departments, coupled with the continued sluggishness of the world economy after the international financial crisis, structural and institutional contradictions in the economy have accumulated, and the problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development have become very prominent. The Party Central Committee has proposed that my country's economic development has entered a new normal, shifting from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, facing a complex situation of "three overlapping periods": a period of shifting growth rates, a period of painful structural adjustments, and a period of digesting previous stimulus policies. The traditional development model is unsustainable. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that implementing the new development philosophy is a profound transformation concerning the overall development of my country. Success cannot be judged simply by the GDP growth rate; it is essential to achieve high-quality development where innovation becomes the primary driving force, coordination becomes an inherent characteristic, green development becomes a universal form, openness becomes an inevitable path, and sharing becomes the fundamental goal, thereby promoting quality, efficiency, and driving force changes in economic development.

　　The Party has strengthened its strategic planning and unified leadership over economic work, and improved the system and mechanisms for Party leadership over economic work. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the 19th CPC National Congress, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and subsequent Central Economic Work Conferences have all made concentrated deployments for my country's development, making major decisions such as adhering to high-quality development as the theme, supply-side structural reform as the main line, building a modern economic system, grasping the strategic focus of expanding domestic demand, and winning the three critical battles of preventing and defusing major risks, targeted poverty alleviation, and pollution prevention and control. The Party unswervingly consolidates and develops the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourages, supports, and guides the development of the non-public sector of the economy, supports state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better, and bigger, establishes a modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, and enhances the competitiveness, innovation, control, influence, and risk resistance of the state-owned economy; it also builds a clean and healthy relationship between government and business, promotes the healthy development of the non-public sector of the economy, and fosters the healthy growth of non-public sector entrepreneurs. The Party adheres to the innovation-driven development strategy, taking technological self-reliance as a strategic pillar of national development, improving the new national system for mobilization, strengthening national strategic scientific and technological forces, enhancing basic research, promoting breakthroughs in key core technologies and independent innovation, strengthening the creation, protection, and application of intellectual property rights, and accelerating the construction of an innovative country and a world-class science and technology power. It comprehensively implements supply-side structural reform, advancing the reduction of excess capacity, inventory, and leverage, lowering costs, and addressing weaknesses, implementing the requirements of consolidation, enhancement, upgrading, and smooth operation, promoting the construction of a manufacturing powerhouse, accelerating the development of a modern industrial system, strengthening the real economy, and developing the digital economy. It improves macroeconomic governance, innovates macroeconomic control ideas and methods, enhances the autonomy of macroeconomic policies, implements a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, adheres to streamlining administration, delegating power, combining deregulation with regulation, and optimizing services, ensuring food security, energy and resource security, and the security of industrial and supply chains, adhering to the principle of finance serving the real economy, comprehensively strengthening financial supervision, preventing and resolving risks in the economic and financial fields, strengthening market supervision and anti-monopoly regulations, preventing disorderly expansion of capital, maintaining market order, stimulating the vitality of various market entities, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and protecting the rights and interests of workers and consumers. The Party implements a regional coordinated development strategy, promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. It also promotes the high-standard and high-quality construction of the Xiong'an New Area, fosters a new pattern of western development, achieves new breakthroughs in the revitalization of Northeast China, promotes high-quality development in the central region, encourages the eastern region to accelerate modernization, and supports the improvement of production and living conditions in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and impoverished areas. The Party promotes people-centered new urbanization and strengthens urban planning, construction, and management. The Party consistently prioritizes addressing the "three rural issues" (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) as the most important task of the Party, implements the rural revitalization strategy, accelerates the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, adheres to the principle of storing grain in the land and in technology, implements the strictest farmland protection system, promotes self-reliance in seed technology and ensures independent control of seed sources, and ensures that the Chinese people firmly hold their rice bowl in their own hands.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country's economic development has become significantly more balanced, coordinated, and sustainable. The GDP has exceeded 100 trillion yuan, and the per capita GDP has surpassed 10,000 US dollars. The country's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength have reached a new level, and my country's economy has embarked on a path of higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and safer development.

　　(iv) On comprehensively deepening reform and opening up

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, my country's reform and opening up has traversed a magnificent journey and achieved remarkable results. With the development of practice, some deep-seated institutional and systemic problems and entrenched interests have become increasingly apparent, and reform has entered a critical stage and a deep-water zone. The Party Central Committee has profoundly recognized that the development of practice is endless, the liberation of thought is endless, and reform and opening up are also endless; reform is an ongoing process, not a completed one, and stagnation and regression lead nowhere. We must advance comprehensive and in-depth reform with greater political courage and wisdom, dare to tackle tough issues, dare to navigate treacherous waters, emphasize institutional building, pay attention to the interconnectedness and coupling of reforms, and genuinely and effectively eliminate various institutional and systemic shortcomings.

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee made arrangements for reforms in the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization systems, as well as national defense and military reforms and the reform of the Party's institutional system. It determined the overall goal, strategic priorities, order of priority, main direction, working mechanisms, methods of advancement, timetable, and roadmap for comprehensively deepening reform. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was epoch-making, ushering in a new era of reform and opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was also epoch-making, realizing the transformation of reform from partial exploration and breakthroughs to systemic integration and comprehensive deepening, creating a new landscape for my country's reform and opening up.

　　The Party adheres to the correct direction of reform, taking the promotion of social fairness and justice and the improvement of people's well-being as its starting point and ultimate goal. It emphasizes a problem-oriented approach, focusing on further liberating the mind, liberating and developing social productive forces, and unleashing and enhancing social vitality. It strengthens top-level design and overall planning, enhances the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform, stimulates the people's pioneering spirit, and promotes reforms in important areas and key links to be implemented thoroughly and deeply. The Party has promoted reform with comprehensive efforts, breakthroughs in multiple areas, steady progress, and in-depth advancement. From laying the foundation and building the framework to comprehensive advancement and accumulating momentum, and then to system integration and efficient coordination, the basic institutional framework in various fields has been largely established, and many areas have achieved historic changes, systemic reshaping, and overall reconstruction.

　　The CPC Central Committee deeply understands that openness brings progress, while isolation inevitably leads to backwardness. To gain an advantage, take the initiative, and secure the future, my country must adapt to economic globalization, leverage its massive market advantage, and implement a more proactive opening-up strategy. my country adheres to the principles of consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, promoting high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, advancing a large number of cooperation projects related to the economic development and livelihood improvement of countries along the route, and building a road of peace, prosperity, openness, green development, innovation, and civilization, making the Belt and Road Initiative a widely welcomed international public good and international cooperation platform. my country insists on mutually reinforcing domestic and international opening-up, better combining "bringing in" and "going out," promoting trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, building a high-standard free trade zone network facing the world, constructing free trade pilot zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port, promoting institutional opening-up in rules, regulations, management, and standards, forming a broader, wider, and deeper pattern of opening-up, building a mutually beneficial, diversified, balanced, safe, and efficient open economic system, and continuously enhancing my country's new advantages in international economic cooperation and competition.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party has continuously promoted comprehensive and in-depth reforms, making the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics more mature and well-defined, and continuously improving the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity, thus giving new vitality to the cause of the Party and the country.

　　(V) In terms of political development

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has led the people in adhering to the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, developing socialist democracy, and achieving significant progress. The Party has deeply realized from the successes and failures of domestic and international political development that strengthening confidence in the socialist system with Chinese characteristics first requires strengthening confidence in the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Building socialist democracy and developing socialist political civilization necessitates that the political system of socialism with Chinese characteristics be deeply rooted in Chinese society. Simply copying the political systems of other countries is not feasible and could even jeopardize the future and destiny of the nation. It is imperative to uphold the organic unity of Party leadership, the people's status as masters of the country, and the rule of law; actively develop whole-process people's democracy; improve the comprehensive, broad, and organically connected system of people's democracy; construct diverse, smooth, and orderly democratic channels; enrich democratic forms; and expand orderly political participation of the people at all levels and in all fields, so that all aspects of the system and national governance better reflect the people's will, protect the people's rights, and stimulate the people's creativity. It is essential to be vigilant and guard against the erosive influence of Western political ideologies such as so-called "constitutionalism," multi-party rotation of power, and the "separation of powers."

　　The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, focusing on the Party's long-term governance and the country's long-term stability, made an overall plan for upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. It emphasized upholding and improving the fundamental, basic, and important systems that support socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CPC Central Committee stressed the need to uphold the people's principal position and ensure that the people exercise democratic elections, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management, and democratic supervision in accordance with the law. The Party upholds and improves the system of people's congresses, supports and ensures that the people exercise state power through the people's congresses, supports and ensures that the people's congresses exercise their legislative, supervisory, decision-making, and appointment and removal powers in accordance with the law, resolutely investigates and punishes vote-buying and bribery cases, safeguards the authority and dignity of the people's congress system, and gives full play to the fundamental political system role of the people's congress system. The Party upholds and improves the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC, improves the system of special supervision by the central committees of democratic parties on the implementation of major decisions and deployments, and allows them to directly submit suggestions to the CPC Central Committee, strengthens the institutional construction of the CPPCC as a specialized consultative body, promotes the extensive, multi-layered, and institutionalized development of socialist consultative democracy, and forms a consultative democracy system with Chinese characteristics. The Party upholds the principles of consolidating grassroots governance, improving grassroots democratic systems, and perfecting the system of open government, ensuring the people's rights to know, participate, express opinions, and supervise. Adhering to the principles of upholding the Party's overall leadership, putting the people at the center, optimizing coordination and efficiency, and comprehensively advancing the rule of law, the Party comprehensively deepens the reform of Party and state institutions, achieving a systematic and holistic restructuring of their functions. The Party upholds and improves the system of regional ethnic autonomy, unswervingly follows the correct path of resolving ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics, insists on making the forging of a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation the main theme of the Party's ethnic work, establishes the Party's strategies for governing Tibet and Xinjiang in the new era, consolidates and develops equal, united, mutually supportive, and harmonious socialist ethnic relations, and promotes the common unity, struggle, and prosperity of all ethnic groups. The Party adheres to the Party's basic policy on religious work, upholds the direction of Sinicizing religions in my country, and actively guides religions to adapt to socialist society. The Party improves the overall united front work pattern, strives to find the greatest common denominator and draw the largest concentric circle, and gathers the immense power to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Focusing on enhancing the political nature, progressiveness, and mass character of mass organizations, the Party promotes the reform and innovation of mass organizations' work, better leveraging the roles of people's organizations and mass organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League, and women's federations. We prioritize safeguarding the people's right to subsistence and the right to development in promoting the comprehensive development of human rights.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the institutionalization, standardization, and proceduralization of my country's socialist democratic political system have been comprehensively advanced, the superiority of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics has been better brought into play, and the vibrant, stable, and united political situation has been consolidated and developed.

　　(vi) On comprehensively advancing the rule of law

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has adhered to the rule of law and continuously promoted the construction of socialist rule of law. At the same time, serious problems such as failure to abide by the law, lax enforcement, judicial injustice, and failure to investigate violations still exist. Judicial corruption occurs frequently, and some law enforcement and judicial personnel abuse their power for personal gain, even acting as protectors of criminals, seriously damaging the authority of the rule of law and severely affecting social fairness and justice. The Party deeply understands that power is a double-edged sword; exercising it according to law and regulations can benefit the people, while exercising it illegally and irregularly will inevitably harm the country and the people. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that the prosperity of the country depends on the rule of law, while the decline of the rule of law leads to national chaos; comprehensively governing the country according to law is an essential requirement and important guarantee of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and a profound revolution in national governance; upholding the rule of law first requires upholding the rule of the Constitution, and upholding governance according to law first requires upholding governance according to the Constitution. We must adhere to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, implement the theory of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, and insist on the simultaneous advancement of governing the country, governing according to law, and administering according to law; we must insist on the integrated construction of a country, government, and society under the rule of law, and comprehensively enhance the awareness and ability of the whole society to respect, learn, abide by, and apply the law.

　　The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the Central Conference on Comprehensive Law-Based Governance focused on the issue of comprehensively advancing the rule of law, making top-level designs and major deployments for scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal compliance with the law, and comprehensively promoting the construction of the legal norms system, the rule of law implementation system, the rule of law supervision system, the rule of law guarantee system, and the Party's internal regulations system.

　　The Party emphasizes that the broadest and deepest foundation for the comprehensive rule of law is the people. It is imperative to ensure that the interests, aspirations, rights, and well-being of the people are reflected in all areas and throughout the entire process of the comprehensive rule of law, guaranteeing and promoting social fairness and justice, and striving to ensure that the people feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case. The Party leads the improvement of systems and mechanisms to guarantee the full implementation of the Constitution, establishes a constitutional oath system, promotes the spirit of socialist rule of law, enhances the ability of state institutions to perform their duties according to law, improves the ability of leaders at all levels to solve problems and promote development using legal thinking and methods, and strengthens the rule of law awareness of the whole society. Through constitutional amendments, the Party formulates laws such as the Civil Code, the Foreign Investment Law, the National Security Law, and the Supervision Law, and amends laws such as the Legislation Law, the National Defense Law, and the Environmental Protection Law, strengthening legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas, and accelerating the improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution at its core. The Party leads the deepening of judicial system reform with a focus on the judicial accountability system, promotes comprehensive and in-depth reform in the political and legal field, strengthens supervision and restraint over law enforcement and judicial activities, carries out education and rectification of the political and legal team, corrects wrongful cases in accordance with the law, severely punishes corruption in law enforcement and the judiciary, and ensures that law enforcement and the judiciary are fair, honest, efficient and authoritative.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics has been continuously improved, the construction of a rule-of-law China has made solid progress, the fundamental, stabilizing, and long-term guarantee role of the rule of law has been further brought into play, and the Party's ability to lead and govern the country through the rule of law has been significantly enhanced.

　　(vii) In terms of cultural development

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has adhered to the principle of simultaneously promoting both material and spiritual civilization, fostering the prosperity and development of socialist culture, invigorating the national spirit, and uniting the nation's strength. At the same time, erroneous trends of thought such as money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism, and historical nihilism have emerged from time to time, online public opinion has become chaotic, and some leading cadres have shown blurred political stances and a lack of fighting spirit, seriously affecting people's thoughts and the social environment. The Party accurately grasps the trend of mutual interaction between ideologies and cultures worldwide and the profound changes in social thought in my country, emphasizing that ideological work is the work of establishing the heart and soul of the nation, and that cultural confidence is a more fundamental, broader, and deeper confidence—the most basic, profound, and enduring force in the development of a country and a nation. Without a high degree of cultural confidence and without cultural prosperity and flourishing, there can be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must adhere to a people-centered approach, raise the banner, unite the people, cultivate new generations, promote culture, and showcase our image. We must firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work, build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and guiding force, build a socialist cultural power, stimulate the cultural innovation and creativity of the entire nation, better construct the Chinese spirit, Chinese values, and Chinese strength, and consolidate the common ideological foundation for the unity and struggle of the entire Party and all ethnic groups across the country.

　　The Party has focused on addressing the weakening of its leadership in the ideological sphere, employing a two-pronged approach of establishing and dismantling outdated ideas, and promoting positive values ​​while eliminating negative ones. It has made arrangements for many directional and strategic issues in the ideological field, established and upheld the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in this area, improved the responsibility system for ideological work, and mobilized the entire Party to engage in propaganda and ideological work, ensuring that everyone is responsible for their assigned areas, dares to take charge, and dares to fight, resolutely opposing and resisting all kinds of erroneous viewpoints. The Party has strengthened propaganda and ideological work by addressing fundamental issues, convening the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work, and holding separate symposiums on literature and art, the Party's news and public opinion work, cybersecurity and informatization, philosophy and social sciences, and the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Universities. These meetings clarified principles and positions on a series of fundamental issues, clarified theoretical right and wrong, and corrected the direction of work, resulting in a continuous positive development in the ideological and cultural sphere. The Party has promoted the use of its innovative theories to arm the entire Party, educate the people, and guide practice, deepened the research and development of Marxist theory, and advanced the construction of a Chinese-style philosophy and social science discipline system, academic system, and discourse system. It has attached great importance to the construction and innovation of communication methods, promoted the integrated development of media, and enhanced the communication power, guidance power, influence, and credibility of news and public opinion. The Party Central Committee has made it clear that it cannot maintain its long-term rule if it cannot overcome the challenges posed by the internet. The Party attaches great importance to the internet as the main battleground, the primary arena, and the forefront of the ideological struggle, and is committed to improving the leadership and management system for the internet, adhering to the rule of law in internet governance, and creating a clean and healthy cyberspace.

　　The Party adheres to guiding cultural development with socialist core values, emphasizing the cultivation of moral character through advanced socialist culture, revolutionary culture, and outstanding traditional Chinese culture. It widely promotes education on socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese Dream, normalizes and institutionalizes education on ideals and beliefs, improves the ideological and political work system, establishes and improves the system for recognizing and honoring Party and state meritorious service, establishes a Martyrs' Memorial Day, deepens mass-based initiatives for building spiritual civilization, constructs new-era civilization practice centers, and promotes the building of a learning-oriented nation. The Party promotes the study of Party history, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development. It has built the History Exhibition Hall of the Communist Party of China and carried out activities to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People's Volunteers' participation in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. These activities effectively demonstrate the Party's and the people's hearts, as well as the prestige of the nation and the military, and resonate with the main theme and promote positive energy throughout society. The Party prioritizes social benefits and unifies social and economic benefits, promoting the comprehensive development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries, fostering artistic creation, and improving the public cultural service system, providing the people with more and better spiritual nourishment.

　　The CPC Central Committee emphasizes that China's outstanding traditional culture is a prominent advantage of the Chinese nation and the foundation upon which we stand firm amidst the clash of world cultures. It must be inherited and promoted in light of new era conditions. We have implemented the project for the inheritance and development of outstanding traditional Chinese culture, promoting its creative transformation and innovative development, enhancing public awareness of cultural relic protection, and intensifying efforts to protect cultural heritage. We have accelerated the development of international communication capabilities, telling China's story and the story of the Communist Party of China to the world, spreading China's voice, and promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. As a result, the country's cultural soft power and the influence of Chinese culture have been significantly enhanced.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of my country, the situation in the ideological field has undergone a comprehensive and fundamental transformation. The cultural confidence of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country has been significantly enhanced, and the cohesion and centripetal force of the whole society have been greatly improved, providing a strong ideological guarantee and powerful spiritual force for creating a new situation in the cause of the Party and the country in the new era.

　　(viii) In terms of social development

　　Since the reform and opening up, the lives of the Chinese people have improved significantly, and social governance has been markedly enhanced. At the same time, with the development of the times and social progress, people's aspirations for a better life have become stronger, and their demands for democracy, the rule of law, fairness, justice, security, and a healthy environment have grown increasingly. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that the people's aspirations for a better life are our goal, improving people's well-being is the essential requirement of our commitment to serving the public and governing for the people, and enabling the people to live a good life is the starting point and end goal of all our work. Addressing shortcomings in social welfare and resolving the urgent needs and concerns of the people are pressing tasks for social development. We must strengthen social development with a focus on guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods, doing our best within our capabilities, tackling one issue after another, year after year, and continuously exerting efforts in ensuring that children are cared for, students are educated, workers are paid, the sick are treated, the elderly are supported, everyone has a place to live, and the vulnerable are assisted. We must strengthen and innovate social governance so that the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security is more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable.

　　The Party deeply understands that whether or not a society is moderately prosperous depends on the well-being of its rural population; poverty alleviation is the bottom-line task for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; only by winning the battle against poverty can we ensure the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society and achieve the first centenary goal. We must implement the poverty alleviation project with greater determination, more precise thinking, and more powerful measures, taking extraordinary actions. The Party adheres to targeted poverty alleviation, establishing the goals of ensuring no one is worried about food or clothing, and guaranteeing compulsory education, basic medical care, and safe housing. It implements a "military order" style responsibility system, mobilizing the entire Party, the entire nation, and the entire society to work together with one heart and one mind, tackling the most difficult challenges and solving the most difficult problems. It has organized and implemented the largest and most intensive poverty alleviation campaign in human history, forming the great spirit of poverty alleviation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, all 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 impoverished villages nationwide have been lifted out of poverty, and nearly 100 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty. This achievement of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals' poverty reduction target was achieved ten years ahead of schedule, historically solving the problem of absolute poverty and creating a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction.

　　In 2020, faced with the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, the CPC Central Committee made decisive decisions and responded calmly, adhering to the principles of putting people and their lives first. It put forward the general requirements of strengthening confidence, working together, scientific prevention and control, and precise policies, and launched a people's war, a general war, and a war of containment against the epidemic. It made meticulous arrangements for the defense of Wuhan and Hubei, mobilized the whole country to carry out an unprecedented life-saving rescue, and carefully and consistently implemented measures to prevent imported cases and domestic resurgence. It insisted on coordinating epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development, and protected the people's lives and health to the greatest extent. China was among the first in the world to control the epidemic, resume work and production, and restore economic and social development. The fight against the epidemic achieved major strategic results and forged the great spirit of fighting the epidemic.

　　To safeguard and improve people's livelihoods, the Party, adhering to the principles of upholding bottom lines, focusing on key areas, improving systems, and guiding expectations, has launched a series of major initiatives in income distribution, employment, education, social security, healthcare, and housing security. These initiatives emphasize strengthening inclusive, basic, and safety-net-oriented livelihood development and promoting the equalization of basic public services. We strive to build an income distribution system that reflects efficiency and promotes fairness, regulating excessively high incomes, eliminating illegal incomes, increasing the income of low-income earners, steadily expanding the middle-income group, and promoting an olive-shaped income distribution pattern. Residents' income growth is basically in sync with economic growth, with rural residents' income growth outpacing that of urban residents. We implement an employment-first policy to promote fuller and higher-quality employment. We fully implement the Party's education policy, prioritizing the development of education, clarifying that the fundamental task of education is to cultivate virtue and talent, nurturing socialist builders and successors who are well-rounded in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. We deepen educational and teaching reform and innovation, promote fairness and improve quality, advance the balanced development and urban-rural integration of compulsory education, fully implement the national common language and script education, regulate after-school training institutions, actively develop vocational education, promote the connotative development of higher education, advance the construction of a strong education nation, and provide education that satisfies the people. my country has established the world's largest social security system, with 1.12 billion people covered by basic old-age insurance and 1.36 billion people covered by basic medical insurance. We are comprehensively advancing the Healthy China initiative, adhering to the principle of prevention first, deepening the reform of the medical and health system, guiding the downward shift of the focus and resources of medical and health work, promptly promoting the improvement of the major epidemic prevention and control system and mechanism, strengthening the national public health emergency management system, promoting the inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine, and improving the public health service system covering both urban and rural areas. We are accelerating the construction of a strong sports nation, widely carrying out national fitness activities, and vigorously promoting the spirit of Chinese sports. We are strengthening research on population development strategies, actively responding to population aging, accelerating the construction of the elderly care service system, adjusting and optimizing the birth policy, and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population. We are emphasizing the construction of family, family education, and family traditions, and protecting the rights and interests of women and children. We are accelerating the development of the cause of people with disabilities. Adhering to the principle that "houses are for living in, not for speculation," we are accelerating the establishment of a housing system with multiple suppliers, multiple channels of security, and a combination of renting and buying, increasing investment in the construction of affordable housing, and significantly improving the housing conditions of urban and rural residents.

　　With a view to the long-term stability and security of the country and the people's well-being, the Party is building a higher-level peaceful China, improving the social governance system, and perfecting the urban and rural grassroots governance system that combines self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue under the leadership of Party organizations. This involves shifting the focus of social governance to the grassroots level, building a social governance system based on co-construction, co-governance, and shared benefits, and constructing a social governance community where everyone is responsible, fulfills their responsibilities, and enjoys the benefits. The Party is strengthening disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief efforts, as well as work safety, and enhancing the national emergency management system and capacity. It is upholding and developing the "Fengqiao Experience" in the new era, adhering to systematic governance, rule of law, comprehensive governance, and source governance. The Party is improving the petition system, establishing a comprehensive mechanism for the diversified prevention, mediation, and resolution of social conflicts and disputes, strengthening comprehensive social security governance, carrying out a special campaign against organized crime, resolutely punishing Party members and cadres who condone or shield organized crime, or even act as their protectors, and preventing and combating violent terrorism, new types of cybercrime, and transnational crime.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country's social development has been comprehensively strengthened, people's lives have been improved in all aspects, and the level of socialization, rule of law, intelligence and professionalization of social governance has been greatly improved, creating a good situation in which people live and work in peace and contentment and society is stable and orderly, continuing the miracle of long-term social stability.

　　(ix) On the construction of ecological civilization

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has increasingly emphasized ecological and environmental protection. However, ecological civilization construction remains a significant weakness. Problems such as tightening resource and environmental constraints and ecosystem degradation are becoming increasingly prominent, especially the high incidence of various types of environmental pollution and ecological damage, which have become wounds to the land and pains to the people. If we do not urgently reverse the trend of ecological degradation, we will inevitably pay an extremely heavy price. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that ecological civilization construction is a fundamental plan concerning the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Protecting the ecological environment is protecting productivity, and improving the ecological environment is developing productivity. We must never sacrifice the environment for short-term economic growth. We must adhere to the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," uphold the integrated protection and systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, protect the ecological environment as we would our eyes, and treat it as we would life itself. We must more consciously promote green development, circular development, and low-carbon development, and adhere to the path of civilized development that achieves production growth, a prosperous life, and a sound ecological environment.

　　The Party has exerted comprehensive efforts in ideology, law, systems, organization, and conduct to strengthen ecological and environmental protection in all aspects, regions, and processes. This includes promoting the delineation of ecological protection red lines, environmental quality baselines, and resource utilization ceilings, and carrying out a series of fundamental, pioneering, and long-term initiatives. Party organizations have implemented the functional zoning strategy, established and improved systems for natural resource asset property rights, land space development and protection, ecological civilization construction target evaluation and assessment, accountability, ecological compensation, river and lake chiefs, forest chiefs, and the "dual responsibility of Party and government" and "one post, two responsibilities" systems for environmental protection, and formulated and revised relevant laws and regulations. The Party has optimized the pattern of land space development and protection, established a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, continuously carried out large-scale land greening actions, strengthened the ecological protection and systematic governance of major rivers, important lakes, wetlands, and coastal zones, increased the protection and restoration of ecosystems, strengthened biodiversity conservation, and promoted the formation of a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode, and lifestyle that conserves resources and protects the environment. Under the leadership of the Party, we have focused on winning the battle against pollution, deeply implementing the three major action plans for the prevention and control of air, water, and soil pollution, fighting the battles to protect blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil, carrying out rural living environment improvement, and completely banning the import of "foreign garbage." We have conducted central environmental protection inspections, resolutely investigating and punishing a number of major typical cases of ecological damage and resolving a number of prominent environmental problems that have drawn strong public concern. my country actively participates in global environmental and climate governance, making a solemn commitment to strive to achieve carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060, demonstrating its responsibility as a major power.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has made unprecedented efforts in promoting ecological civilization. The awareness and initiative of the whole Party and the whole country in promoting green development have been significantly enhanced. Significant strides have been made in building a beautiful China, and historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes have taken place in my country's ecological and environmental protection.

　　(x) In terms of national defense and military building

　　Since the reform and opening up, the People's Liberation Army has continuously improved its level of revolutionization, modernization, and regularization, and its national defense capabilities have been increasingly strengthened, providing a reliable security guarantee for the country's reform, development, and stability. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that a strong country must have a strong military, and only a strong military can ensure national security. It is imperative to build a solid national defense and a powerful people's army commensurate with my country's international status and adapted to its national security and development interests.

　　The Party has put forward the goal of building a strong military in the new era, established the military strategic guidelines for the new era, and formulated a new three-step strategy for the modernization of national defense and the armed forces: to achieve the centenary goal of the People's Liberation Army by 2027, to basically realize the modernization of national defense and the armed forces by 2035, and to fully build a world-class military by the middle of this century. It promotes political building of the military, reform and strengthening of the military, strengthening of the military through science and technology, strengthening of the military through talent, and governance of the military according to law. It accelerates the modernization of military theory, the modernization of the organizational structure of the armed forces, the modernization of military personnel, and the modernization of weapons and equipment. It accelerates the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization, comprehensively strengthens training and preparedness for war, and adheres to the path of building a strong military with Chinese characteristics.

　　Building a strong People's Army requires, first and foremost, unwavering adherence to the fundamental principle and system of the Party's absolute leadership over the People's Army, upholding the supreme leadership and command authority of the People's Army belonging to the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, and comprehensively and thoroughly implementing the Chairman of the Central Military Commission's responsibility system. For a period, the weakening of the Party's leadership within the People's Army was a prominent issue. If this was not thoroughly resolved, it would not only affect combat effectiveness but also compromise the crucial political principle of the Party commanding the gun. The Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission resolutely implemented comprehensive and strict governance of the military, decisively decided to rectify the political discipline of the People's Army, convened the All-Army Political Work Conference in Gutian, made arrangements for building a politically strong army in the new era, restored and carried forward the glorious traditions and fine style of our Party and our army, promoted political rectification with the spirit of rectification, comprehensively strengthened the Party's leadership and Party building within the army, deepened the Party's work style and anti-corruption struggle within the army, resolutely investigated and dealt with serious violations of discipline and law by Guo Boxiong, Xu Caihou, Fang Fenghui, Zhang Yang, and others, and thoroughly eliminated their pernicious influence, thus fundamentally improving the political ecology of the People's Army.

　　The Party put forward the strategy of strengthening the military through reform, leading the most extensive and profound national defense and military reforms since the founding of the People's Republic of China. This restructured the leadership and command system of the People's Liberation Army, its modern military force system, and its military policies and regulations, reducing active duty personnel by 300,000 and forming a new pattern of overall command by the Central Military Commission, combat operations by the theater commands, and military service development by the services. Facing the new military revolution worldwide, we implemented a strategy of strengthening the military through science and technology, building an innovative People's Liberation Army and a strong, modern logistics system, achieving significant progress in national defense science and technology and weaponry development. We implemented a strategy of strengthening the military through talent, establishing a new era's military education policy, clarifying the standards for good military cadres, and promoting the construction of a three-in-one new military talent training system to cultivate new-era revolutionary soldiers with soul, ability, courage, and integrity, forging a highly competent force with ironclad faith, unwavering conviction, ironclad discipline, and an ironclad sense of responsibility. We implemented a strategy of governing the military according to law, building a military legal system with Chinese characteristics and accelerating a fundamental transformation in the way the military is governed. We also promoted the construction of a military honor system.

　　The Party has put forward the missions and tasks of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in the new era, innovated military strategic guidance, adjusted and optimized the military strategic layout, and strengthened the PLA's strategic functions of shaping the situation, managing crises, deterring war, and winning wars. The PLA firmly adheres to combat effectiveness as the sole fundamental criterion and the fundamental goal of being able to fight and win wars. It expands its strategic forces and new-domain, new-type combat forces, strengthens the joint operations command system and capabilities, vigorously corrects "peacetime complacency," focuses on realistic military training, builds a strong and stable modern border, coastal, and air defense, resolutely and flexibly conducts military struggles, effectively responds to external military provocations, deters "Taiwan independence" separatist activities, and carries out major tasks such as border defense struggles, maritime rights protection, counter-terrorism and stability maintenance, disaster relief, epidemic prevention and control, peacekeeping and escort, humanitarian assistance, and international military cooperation.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the Party, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) has undergone a comprehensive and revolutionary restructuring, regrouping and embarking on a new journey. Its national defense and economic strength have been enhanced simultaneously, its integrated national strategic system and capabilities have been rapidly built, a sound management and support system for veterans has been established, national defense mobilization has become more efficient, and the unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people has been further consolidated. The PLA resolutely fulfills its missions and tasks in the new era, safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests with a tenacious fighting spirit and concrete actions.

　　(xi) In safeguarding national security

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has attached great importance to correctly handling the relationship between reform, development, and stability, and has taken safeguarding national security and social stability as a fundamental task of the Party and the state, creating a favorable security environment for reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. Entering the new era, my country faces a more severe national security situation, with unprecedented external pressure, and traditional and non-traditional security threats intertwined, with frequent "black swan" and "gray rhino" events. Compared with the requirements of the situation and tasks, my country's ability to safeguard national security is insufficient, its capacity to cope with various major risks is weak, and its overall coordination mechanism for safeguarding national security is incomplete. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that national prosperity and people's well-being are the most basic and universal aspirations of the people. We must adhere to a bottom-line mentality, be prepared for potential dangers even in times of peace, and plan ahead; uphold the principle of putting national interests first; take the safety of the people as our purpose; take political security as our foundation; take economic security as our basis; take military, technological, cultural, and social security as our guarantee; rely on promoting international security; and coordinate development and security, openness and security, traditional and non-traditional security, our own security and common security, and the maintenance and shaping of national security.

　　Comrade Xi Jinping emphasized that ensuring national security is of paramount importance, and put forward the overall national security concept, which covers many fields including politics, military affairs, territory, economy, culture, society, science and technology, cyberspace, ecology, resources, nuclear power, overseas interests, outer space, deep sea, polar regions, and biology. He called on the entire Party to enhance its fighting spirit and improve its fighting capabilities, and to implement leadership and work responsibilities for preventing and resolving various risks. The Party Central Committee deeply understands that in the face of various external containment, suppression, sabotage, and subversive activities, it must carry forward the spirit of not believing in evil and not fearing ghosts, and fight to the end against all forces that attempt to subvert the leadership of the Communist Party of my country and our socialist system, and attempt to delay or even obstruct the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Blindly retreating will only lead to further bullying, and appeasement will only result in a more humiliating situation.

　　The Party focuses on advancing the construction of the national security system and capabilities, establishing the Central National Security Commission, improving the centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system, perfecting the national security legal system, strategic system, and policy system, and establishing a national security work coordination mechanism and emergency management mechanism. The Party integrates security and development throughout all areas and the entire process of national development, paying attention to preventing and resolving major risks affecting my country's modernization process, resolutely safeguarding national security, institutional security, and ideological security, strengthening national security publicity and education and national defense education for all citizens, consolidating the people's defense line for national security, promoting border prosperity and stability, strictly preventing and severely cracking down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities by hostile forces, resisting and countering external extreme suppression and containment, carrying out struggles related to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Tibet, and the sea, accelerating the construction of a maritime power, and effectively safeguarding national security.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, national security has been comprehensively strengthened, withstanding the tests of risks and challenges from the political, economic, ideological, and natural worlds, providing a strong guarantee for the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country.

　　(xii) On upholding "one country, two systems" and promoting national reunification

　　After Hong Kong and Macao returned to the motherland, they were reintegrated into the national governance system and embarked on a broad path of complementary advantages and common development with the mainland. The practice of "one country, two systems" has achieved universally recognized success. At the same time, for a period, influenced by various complex internal and external factors, "anti-China and destabilizing Hong Kong" activities were rampant, and the situation in Hong Kong became severe. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized that it is imperative to fully, accurately, and resolutely implement the "one country, two systems" policy, uphold and improve the "one country, two systems" institutional framework, adhere to the rule of law in Hong Kong and Macao, safeguard the constitutional order of the Special Administrative Regions as defined by the Constitution and the Basic Law, implement the central government's overall jurisdiction over the Special Administrative Regions, and firmly implement the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong" and "patriots governing Macao."

　　The CPC Central Committee, after careful consideration of the situation, made the major decision to improve the central government's overall jurisdiction over the Special Administrative Regions (SARs) in accordance with the Constitution and the Basic Law, and to improve the relevant systems and mechanisms for the implementation of the Constitution and the Basic Law in the SARs. This included promoting the establishment and improvement of the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the SARs, enacting the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region," improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong SAR, implementing the principle of "patriots governing Hong Kong," and supporting the SARs in improving the oath-taking system for public officials. The Central People's Government established the Office for Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR in accordance with the law, and the Hong Kong SAR established a Committee for Safeguarding National Security in accordance with the law. The central government firmly supports the Hong Kong SAR in stopping violence and restoring order in accordance with the law, supports the Chief Executive and the SAR government in governing in accordance with the law, resolutely prevents and curbs external interference in Hong Kong and Macao affairs, and severely cracks down on separatist, subversive, infiltration, and sabotage activities. The central government fully supports Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating into the overall development of the country, building the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with high quality, supporting Hong Kong and Macao in developing their economies and improving people's livelihoods, and enhancing the national consciousness and patriotism of Hong Kong and Macao compatriots. This series of comprehensive measures has driven a major shift in Hong Kong's situation from chaos to order, laying a solid foundation for advancing the rule of law in Hong Kong and Macao and ensuring the steady and long-term implementation of "one country, two systems."

　　Resolving the Taiwan issue and achieving the complete reunification of the motherland is the Party's unwavering historical mission, the common aspiration of all Chinese sons and daughters, and an inevitable requirement for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Party grasps the changing times in cross-strait relations, enriches and develops the theory of national reunification and its policies towards Taiwan, and promotes the development of cross-strait relations in the right direction. Comrade Xi Jinping has put forward a series of important concepts and major policy propositions on Taiwan-related work, forming the Party's overall strategy for resolving the Taiwan issue in the new era. We have promoted the first meeting between leaders across the Taiwan Strait since 1949 and direct dialogue and communication between leaders across the Strait. Upholding the concept of "both sides of the Strait are one family," the Party promotes the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, introduces a series of policies benefiting the vast majority of Taiwan compatriots, and strengthens cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation. Since 2016, the Taiwan authorities have intensified their "Taiwan independence" separatist activities, severely impacting the momentum of peaceful development of cross-strait relations. We adhere to the one-China principle and the "1992 Consensus," resolutely oppose "Taiwan independence" separatist activities, resolutely oppose external interference, and firmly grasp the initiative and control over cross-strait relations. The time and momentum for the complete reunification of the motherland are always on our side.

　　Practice has proven that with the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the strong support of the great motherland, and the concerted efforts of all ethnic groups across the country, including compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan, the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao will certainly be maintained, and the complete reunification of the motherland will certainly be achieved.

　　(xiii) In diplomatic work

　　Since the reform and opening up, the Party has adhered to an independent and peaceful foreign policy, creating a favorable external environment for my country's development and making significant contributions to the cause of human progress. Entering the new era, the international balance of power has undergone profound adjustments. Unilateralism, protectionism, hegemonism, and power politics pose increasing threats to world peace and development, anti-globalization sentiments are on the rise, and the world has entered a period of turbulence and change. The Party Central Committee emphasizes that, faced with a complex and severe international situation and unprecedented external risks and challenges, it is imperative to coordinate domestic and international affairs, improve the Party's leadership system and mechanisms for foreign affairs, strengthen top-level design of foreign affairs, make strategic plans for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, promote the building of a new type of international relations, promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and uphold the common values ​​of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom for all humanity, leading the trend of human progress.

　　The Party grasps the overall situation of diplomacy in the new era, focusing on serving national rejuvenation and promoting human progress. Holding high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win results, it advances and improves a comprehensive, multi-level, and multi-dimensional diplomatic layout, actively developing global partnerships. We manage relations with major powers, promoting coordination and cooperation among them. Adhering to the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness, and the neighborhood diplomacy policy of treating neighbors as good-neighbors and partners, we deepen relations with neighboring countries, stabilize our strategic support in the region, and build a community of shared future with them. Upholding the correct approach to justice and interests and the principles of sincerity, real results, amity, and good faith, we strengthen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, achieving full coverage of overall cooperation mechanisms. The Party maintains regular contact with more than 500 political parties and organizations worldwide, deepening exchanges and cooperation among political parties. Adapting to the increasingly expanding "going global" strategy, we continuously improve the overseas interests protection system, effectively addressing a series of risks and challenges to overseas interests.

　　my country actively participates in the reform and construction of the global governance system, upholds the international system with the United Nations at its core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. China safeguards and practices genuine multilateralism, resolutely opposes unilateralism, protectionism, hegemonism, and power politics, and actively promotes economic globalization towards a more open, inclusive, equitable, balanced, and win-win direction. my country constructively participates in the political settlement of international and regional hotspots, playing a positive role in areas such as climate change, poverty reduction, counter-terrorism, cybersecurity, and maintaining regional security. my country has carried out international cooperation in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, launching the largest global emergency humanitarian operation since the founding of the People's Republic of China, providing material assistance, medical support, vaccine aid, and cooperation to numerous countries, especially developing countries, demonstrating its image as a responsible major power.

　　Through sustained efforts, China's distinctive major-country diplomacy has been comprehensively advanced, and the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind has become a prominent banner guiding the trend of the times and the direction of human progress. my country's diplomacy has created new prospects amidst great changes in the world and turned crises into opportunities amidst global turmoil, significantly enhancing my country's international influence, appeal, and shaping power.

　　In summary, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country have forged ahead with determination, achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled. The cause of the Party and the country has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations, demonstrating the powerful vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The hearts and minds of the Party, the military, and the people are more united and inspired than ever before, providing a more comprehensive institutional guarantee, a more solid material foundation, and a more proactive spiritual force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese people, through their heroic and tenacious struggle, solemnly declare to the world that the Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up, becoming prosperous, to becoming strong.

V. The Historical Significance of the Communist Party of China's Century-Long Struggle

　　For a century, the Party has always remained true to its original aspiration and mission, uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to create a magnificent picture in the history of human development, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has shown an unprecedented bright prospect.

　　(I) The Party's century-long struggle has fundamentally changed the future and destiny of the Chinese people. Since modern times, the Chinese people have suffered greatly from the oppression of the three great mountains (imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism) and were humiliated by Western powers as the "sick man of East Asia." Over the past century, under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have undergone a magnificent and turbulent struggle, completely shaking off the fate of being bullied, oppressed, and enslaved, becoming masters of their own destiny, society, and the nation. People's democracy has continuously developed, more than 1.4 billion people have achieved a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and the Chinese people's aspirations for a better life have been increasingly realized. Today, the Chinese people are more confident, self-reliant, and self-strengthening, greatly enhancing their ambition, backbone, and resolve. The powerful energy accumulated in the historical process has fully erupted, radiating an unprecedented spirit of historical initiative and creation, and they are writing a great chapter in the history of China's development in the new era with unwavering confidence.

　　(II) The Party's century-long struggle has paved the correct path to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In modern times, the Chinese nation, which created a splendid civilization, encountered a profound crisis that threatened its continuation, presenting the world with a picture of decline and decay. For a century, the Party has led the people in unremitting struggle and continuous progress, successfully paving the correct path to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. China has transformed from a fragmented and disorganized nation to a highly unified and ethnically united one; from poverty and weakness to a moderately prosperous and strong nation; from being passively attacked and bullied to independence, self-reliance, and unwavering confidence. In just a few decades, China has completed the industrialization process that took developed countries hundreds of years, creating two miracles: rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Today, the Chinese nation presents a thriving and prosperous image to the world, standing tall in the East.

　　(III) The Party's century-long struggle has demonstrated the powerful vitality of Marxism. Marxism reveals the laws of human social development and is a scientific truth for understanding and transforming the world. At the same time, upholding and developing Marxism, from theory to practice, requires extremely arduous and challenging efforts from Marxists worldwide. For a century, the Party has consistently inscribed Marxism on its banner, continuously advancing the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism, absorbing all the excellent achievements of human civilization with a broad mind, and guiding great practice with the scientific theories of Sinicized Marxism. The scientific nature and truthfulness of Marxism have been fully tested in China, its people-oriented and practical nature has been fully implemented in China, and its openness and timeliness have been fully demonstrated in China. The continuous success of the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism has presented Marxism with a new image to the world, and has brought about a major transformation in the historical evolution and contest between the two ideologies and social systems of socialism and capitalism worldwide, favoring socialism.

　　(IV) The Party's century-long struggle has profoundly influenced the course of world history. The cause of the Party and the people is an important component of the cause of human progress. For a century, the Party has not only sought happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, but also progress for humanity and a harmonious world, profoundly changing the trend and pattern of world development through its unyielding struggle. The Party has led the people to successfully forge a Chinese path to modernization, creating a new form of human civilization, expanding the pathways for developing countries to achieve modernization, and providing a brand-new choice for countries and nations around the world that both hope to accelerate development and maintain their independence. The Party has promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, contributing Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to solving major human problems and building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and a clean and beautiful environment, becoming an important force driving human development and progress.

　　(V) The Party's century-long struggle has forged the Communist Party of China, a party at the forefront of the times. When the Party was founded, it had only over fifty members; today, it has become the world's largest ruling party with over 95 million members, leading a nation of over 1.4 billion people and wielding significant global influence. For a century, the Party has adhered to its nature and purpose, upheld its ideals and beliefs, remained true to its original aspiration and mission, and dared to engage in self-revolution. In life-and-death struggles and arduous endeavors, it has withstood various risks and tests, made enormous sacrifices, and forged a distinctive political character. It has formed a spiritual lineage originating from the great spirit of the Party's founding, maintained the Party's advanced nature and purity, and continuously improved its governing capacity and leadership level. It is now leading the Chinese people irreversibly toward the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, truly deserving of the title of a great, glorious, and correct party.

VI. Historical Experiences of the Communist Party of China's Century-Long Struggle

　　Over the past century, the Party has led the people in a great struggle, making breakthroughs in progress, rising up in the face of setbacks, and improving through summarizing experiences, thus accumulating valuable historical experience.

　　(I) Upholding the Leadership of the Party. The Communist Party of China is the core force leading our cause. The most fundamental reason why the Chinese people and the Chinese nation have been able to reverse their historical fate since modern times and achieve today's great achievements is the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China. History and reality have proven that without the Communist Party of China, there would be no new China, and no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To govern our country, the world's largest political party and the most populous nation, we must uphold the Party's overall leadership, especially the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, adhere to democratic centralism, and ensure that the Party always has overall control and coordinates all parties. As long as we uphold the Party's overall leadership without wavering, resolutely safeguard the core of the Party and the authority of the Party Central Committee, give full play to the Party's political advantages, and implement the Party's leadership in all areas, aspects, and links of the cause of the Party and the country, we will certainly be able to ensure that the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country unite and move forward together.

　　(II) Upholding the principle of putting the people first. The Party's foundation, lifeblood, and strength lie in the people; the people are the Party's greatest source of confidence in governing and revitalizing the country. Public support is the greatest political asset, and justice is the strongest force. The Party's greatest political advantage is its close ties with the masses, and its greatest danger after coming to power is becoming detached from the masses. The Party represents the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people, has no special interests of its own, and never represents the interests of any interest group, any powerful organization, or any privileged class. This is the fundamental reason why the Party remains invincible. As long as we always adhere to the fundamental principle of serving the people wholeheartedly, uphold the Party's mass line, always remember that the country is the people and the people are the country, insist on everything for the people and everything relying on the people, insist on governing for the people and relying on the people, insist on development for the people, development relying on the people, and development results shared by the people, and unswervingly follow the path of common prosperity for all the people, we will surely be able to lead the people to achieve new and greater victories in socialism with Chinese characteristics. Any attempt to separate or antagonize the Communist Party of China from the Chinese people will never succeed.

　　(III) Upholding Theoretical Innovation. Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our Party, our country, and our nation's prosperity and strength. Marxist theory is not dogma but a guide to action; it must develop with practice, and it must be Sinicized to take root and become deeply rooted in people's hearts. The reason why the Party has been able to lead the people to accomplish arduous tasks that no other political force in China could accomplish through repeated exploration, setbacks, and pioneering efforts lies fundamentally in its adherence to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping pace with the times, and being pragmatic; in its commitment to combining the basic principles of Marxism with China's specific realities and with China's excellent traditional culture; in its insistence that practice is the sole criterion for testing truth; in its commitment to proceeding from reality; in its timely response to the questions of the times and the people; and in its continuous advancement of the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism. Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out that the great social transformation of contemporary China is not a simple continuation of the blueprint of our historical culture, nor a simple application of the template envisioned by classical Marxist writers, nor a reprint of the socialist practices of other countries, nor a replica of foreign modernization. As long as we are courageous in combining new practices with continuous theoretical innovation and adept at using new theories to guide new practices, we will surely be able to make Marxism demonstrate an even stronger and more convincing power of truth on Chinese soil.

　　(IV) Upholding Independence and Self-Reliance. Independence and self-reliance are the soul of the Chinese national spirit and an important principle for our Party and our country. Following our own path is a historical conclusion drawn from the Party's century-long struggle. The Party has always adhered to independent development, placing national and ethnic development on the basis of its own strength, and insisting that China's affairs must be decided and handled by the Chinese people themselves. No nation or country in human history has ever achieved strength and revitalization by relying on external forces, copying foreign models, or following in others' footsteps. Such actions inevitably lead to failure or becoming a vassal of others. As long as we uphold independence and self-reliance, humbly learn from beneficial foreign experiences while maintaining national self-esteem and confidence, and remain steadfast in the face of adversity and pressure, we will surely be able to firmly grasp the destiny of China's development and progress in our own hands.

　　(V) Upholding the Chinese Path. Direction determines the path, and the path determines destiny. Throughout its century-long struggle, the Party has consistently adhered to proceeding from China's national conditions, exploring and forming a correct path that conforms to China's realities. The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the broad road to creating a better life for the people and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Standing firmly on the land of China, inheriting Chinese civilization, and following the correct path that conforms to China's national conditions, the Party and the people possess an incomparably broad stage, an incomparably profound historical foundation, and an incomparably strong determination to move forward. As long as we neither take the old path of isolation and rigidity nor the wrong path of changing our flag and direction, and unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we will surely be able to build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful modern socialist country.

　　(VI) Upholding a Global Perspective. The Great Way prevails, and the world belongs to all. The Party has always focused on the future and destiny of humanity with a global perspective, correctly understanding and handling its relations with the outside world from the perspective of the great trends of human development, the major changes in the world, and the great history of China's development. It adheres to openness, avoiding isolation; to mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, avoiding zero-sum games; and to upholding justice and fairness, standing on the right side of history and on the side of human progress. As long as we adhere to the path of peaceful development, both by safeguarding world peace and by safeguarding world peace through our own development, and by working hand in hand with all progressive forces in the world, without depending on others, without plundering others, and never seeking hegemony, we will surely be able to continuously contribute wisdom and strength to the progress of human civilization, and together with the people of all countries, propel the wheels of history toward a bright future.

　　(VII) Upholding Innovation. Innovation is the inexhaustible driving force for the development and progress of a country and a nation. The greater the cause, the more difficulties and obstacles it faces, and the more arduous struggle and innovation are required. Under the leadership of the Party, the people have overcome numerous obstacles, explored new avenues, forged ahead with determination, and continuously promoted innovation in theory, practice, systems, culture, and all other aspects. Daring to be pioneers, they have blazed trails that no one had ever trod before, and no difficulty or obstacle has been able to stop the Party and the people from moving forward. As long as we follow the trend of the times, respond to the demands of the people, dare to promote reform, accurately recognize changes, scientifically respond to changes, and proactively seek changes, never becoming rigid or stagnant, we will surely be able to create even more remarkable miracles.

　　(VIII) Uphold the spirit of daring to struggle. Daring to struggle and daring to win are the invincible spiritual forces of the Party and the people. All the achievements of the Party and the people did not fall from the sky, nor were they bestowed by others, but were obtained through continuous struggle. The Party was born amidst internal and external troubles, grew up through hardships, and became stronger by overcoming difficulties. For the people, the country, and the nation, for the sake of ideals and beliefs, no matter how powerful the enemy, how treacherous the road, or how severe the challenges, the Party has never been afraid, never retreated, never shirked sacrifice, and never given up. As long as we grasp the historical characteristics of the new great struggle, seize and make good use of historical opportunities, take the initiative, carry forward the spirit of struggle, enhance our ability to struggle, and unite the will and strength of the entire Party and the people of the whole country, we will surely be able to overcome all foreseeable and unforeseeable risks and challenges.

　　(ix) Uphold the united front. Unity is strength. Establishing the broadest united front is a crucial magic weapon for the Party to defeat its enemies and to govern and revitalize the country. The Party has always upheld the principle of great unity and great alliance, uniting all forces that can be united, mobilizing all positive factors that can be mobilized, and promoting harmony in party relations, ethnic relations, religious relations, class relations, and relations with compatriots at home and abroad, thereby maximizing the strength to strive together. As long as we continuously consolidate and develop the great unity of all ethnic groups, the great unity of the people of the whole country, and the great unity of all Chinese sons and daughters, forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, and create a vibrant situation where all Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad think and work together, we will surely be able to gather the immense power to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　(X) Upholding Self-Revolution. The courage to engage in self-revolution is a distinctive feature that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties. The spirit of self-revolution is a powerful support for the Party's enduring vitality. An advanced Marxist party is not born, but forged through continuous self-revolution. The secret to the Party's enduring vitality after a century of vicissitudes lies in its unwavering adherence to truth and its willingness to correct mistakes. The Party's greatness lies not in its infallibility, but in its willingness to confront its problems head-on, actively engage in criticism and self-criticism, and dare to engage in self-revolution. As long as we continuously eliminate all factors that damage the Party's advanced nature and purity, and continuously eliminate all viruses that erode the Party's healthy body, we will certainly be able to ensure that the Party remains unchanged in nature, color, and flavor, and ensure that the Party always remains a strong leading core in the historical process of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　The above ten aspects are valuable experiences accumulated through long-term practice and are spiritual wealth jointly created by the Party and the people. They must be cherished, upheld for a long time, and continuously enriched and developed in the practice of the new era.

VII. The Communist Party of China in the New Era

　　Staying true to our original aspiration is the key to achieving our ultimate goal. The Communist Party of China is committed to the great cause of the Chinese nation for millennia to come, and its centenary is just the beginning of its prime. Over the past hundred years, the Party has delivered an excellent report card to the people and to history. Now, the Party unites and leads the Chinese people on a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal. The times are the examiners, we are the examinees, and the people are the graders. We must continue to achieve excellent results and demonstrate new spirit and new achievements on the new journey of the new era.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) laid out a strategic plan for achieving the second centenary goal in two stages. From 2020 to 2035, China aims to basically realize socialist modernization; from 2035 to the middle of this century, it aims to build my country into a great modern socialist country. By then, my country's material, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization will be comprehensively enhanced; the national governance system and governance capacity will be modernized; China will become a leading country in comprehensive national strength and international influence; common prosperity for all the people will be basically achieved; the Chinese people will enjoy a happier and healthier life; and the Chinese nation will stand more proudly among the nations of the world.

　　Today, we are closer than ever before in history to realizing the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and we have greater confidence and capability to achieve it. At the same time, the entire Party must be soberly aware that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will not be achieved easily or without effort; various foreseeable and unforeseen risks and challenges remain on the road ahead. We must also be soberly aware that my country is still in, and will remain for a long time in, the primary stage of socialism; my country remains the world's largest developing country; and the principal contradiction in Chinese society is the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The entire Party must firmly remember the fundamental question of what the Communist Party of China is and what it aims to do, grasp the general trend of historical development, strengthen its ideals and convictions, remember its original aspiration and mission, always remain humble and prudent, avoid arrogance and complacency, and work hard. We must draw strength from our great victories, learn from historical lessons from setbacks and detours, and not be afraid of any risks or confused by any interference. We must never make subversive mistakes on fundamental issues, and strive to achieve our established goals with unwavering determination, and relentlessly advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with the clear-headedness that "the last leg of a journey is the hardest."

　　The entire Party must adhere to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development, and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must observe, grasp, and guide the times using the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and method, and continuously deepen our understanding of the laws governing the Communist Party's rule, socialist construction, and the development of human society. We must adhere to the Party's basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy; strengthen the "Four Consciousnesses"; firm up the "Four Confidences"; and achieve the "Two Upholds." We must uphold a systematic approach, comprehensively advance the "Five-Sphere Integrated Plan," coordinate the "Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy," base ourselves on the new development stage, implement the new development philosophy, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, promote common prosperity, advance scientific and technological self-reliance, develop whole-process people's democracy, ensure the people's status as masters of the country, uphold the rule of law in all aspects, uphold the socialist core value system, ensure and improve people's livelihoods in development, uphold harmony between humanity and nature, coordinate development and security, accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces, and synergistically promote people's prosperity, national strength, and a beautiful China.

　　The Party must always maintain close ties with the people, stand firmly on the people's position, uphold the people's principal status, respect the people's pioneering spirit, practice the people-centered development philosophy, safeguard social fairness and justice, focus on solving the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development and the urgent needs and concerns of the people, continuously realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people, and unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country in a continuous struggle for a better life.

　　The entire Party must always remember that we are born in adversity and perish in comfort, and must always be mindful of long-term prospects and potential dangers even in times of peace. We must continue to advance the great new project of Party building in the new era, adhere to the principle of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party, resolutely promote the building of Party conduct and integrity and the fight against corruption, and bravely face the long-term tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment. We must resolutely overcome the dangers of spiritual slackness, incompetence, alienation from the masses, and corruption. We must maintain the heroic spirit of advancing despite difficulties, dare to struggle, and be adept at struggle, forging ahead through mountains and building bridges over rivers, ensuring that no difficulty or pressure can break us, and propelling the ship of socialism with Chinese characteristics forward, cutting through the waves and forging ahead without hesitation.

　　The development of the cause of the Party and the people requires the continuous struggle of generations of Chinese Communists, and we must ensure the fundamental task of ensuring a steady stream of successors. We must persist in educating people with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, uniting them with the Party's ideals and beliefs, cultivating them with socialist core values, and inspiring them with the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, thus nurturing a large number of successors capable of shouldering the responsibilities of our times. We must continuously cultivate and select high-quality, professional cadres, especially outstanding young cadres, who are virtuous, capable, loyal, clean, and responsible. We must educate and guide the vast majority of Party members and cadres to consciously be firm believers and loyal practitioners of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, remembering the principle that empty talk harms the country while hard work builds it, cultivating a sense of national responsibility to the people, pursuing lofty ideals, and enhancing their ability to shoulder responsibilities. We must continuously recruit advanced individuals from all walks of life, especially outstanding young people, into the Party, educating and guiding young Party members to always take the Party's banner as their banner, the Party's direction as their direction, and the Party's will as their will, continuing the Party's red lineage, carrying forward the Party's fine traditions, and weathering storms, gaining experience, strengthening their resolve, and developing their talents in the struggle. We must continuously cultivate outstanding talents who are patriotic, dedicated, and innovative, genuinely cherish, nurture, and utilize their talents, and bring together outstanding talents from all fields to contribute to the great struggle of the Party and the people.

　　The Party Central Committee calls upon the entire Party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, vigorously promote the great spirit of the founding of the Party, never forget the hardships and glories of yesterday, live up to the mission and responsibilities of today, and strive to realize the great dream of tomorrow. We must learn from history, create the future, work diligently, and forge ahead with courage and determination to achieve the second centenary goal and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We firmly believe that the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people, who have won great victories and glories in the past century, will surely win even greater victories and glories on the new journey of the new era!